# Description: # Malignant Melanoma Mortality in the European Community associated # with the impact of UV radiation exposure. # Format: # A data frame with 354 observations on the following 6 variables. # # nation a factor with levels 'Belgium', 'W.Germany', 'Denmark', # 'France', 'UK', 'Italy', 'Ireland', 'Luxembourg', and # 'Netherlands' # region Region ID - a factor. # county County ID - a factor. # deaths Number of male deaths due to MM during 1971-1980 # expected Number of expected deaths. # uvb Centered measure of the UVB dose reaching the earth's surface # in each county. # Source: # # References: # Langford, I.H., Bentham, G. and McDonald, A. 1998: Multilevel # modelling of geographically aggregated health data: a case study # on malignant melanoma mortality and UV exposure in the European # community. _Statistics in Medicine_ 17: 41-58. # # GLM: # Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|) # (Intercept) -0.070104 0.011047 -6.346 2.21e-10 *** # uvb -0.057191 0.002677 -21.364 < 2e-16 *** # # Generalized linear mixed model fit using AGQ # Formula: deaths ~ offset(log(expected)) + uvb + (1 | region) # Groups Name Variance Std.Dev. # region (Intercept) 0.16988 0.41217 # # of obs: 354, groups: region, 78 # Estimated scale (compare to 1) 1.128100 # Fixed effects: # Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|) # (Intercept) -0.1386066 0.0430654 -3.2185 0.001289 ** # uvb -0.0344144 0.0086734 -3.9678 7.254e-05 *** # Generalized linear mixed model fit using PQL # Groups Name Variance Std.Dev. # region (Intercept) 0.12539 0.3541 # Estimated scale (compare to 1) 1.134873 # Fixed effects: # Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|) # (Intercept) -0.1287457 0.0430654 -2.9895 0.002794 ** # uvb -0.0378191 0.0086734 -4.3603 1.299e-05 *** # set loc deaths qua . Number of male deaths due to MM during 1971-1980 set loc expected qua . Number of expected deaths. set loc uvb qua . Centered measure of the UVB dose in each county. read pedigree inline # county region deaths expected uvb # Belgium mela1 1 f1 m1 x 79 51.222 -2.9057 mela2 2 f2 m2 x 80 79.956 -3.2075 mela2 3 f2 m2 x 51 46.5169 -2.8038 mela2 4 f2 m2 x 43 55.053 -3.0069 mela2 5 f2 m2 x 89 67.758 -3.0069 mela2 6 f2 m2 x 19 35.976 -3.4175 mela3 7 f3 m3 x 19 13.28 -2.6671 mela3 8 f3 m3 x 15 66.5579 -2.6671 mela3 9 f3 m3 x 33 50.969 -3.1222 mela3 10 f3 m3 x 9 11.171 -2.4852 mela3 11 f3 m3 x 12 19.683 -2.5293 # # W. Germany # mela4 12 f4 m4 x 156 108.04 -1.1375 mela4 13 f4 m4 x 110 73.692 -1.3977 mela4 14 f4 m4 x 77 57.098 -0.4386 mela4 15 f4 m4 x 56 46.622 -1.0249 mela5 16 f5 m5 x 220 112.61 -0.5033 mela5 17 f5 m5 x 46 30.334 -1.4609 mela5 18 f5 m5 x 47 29.973 -1.8956 mela5 19 f5 m5 x 50 32.027 -2.5541 mela5 20 f5 m5 x 90 46.521 -1.9671 mela5 21 f5 m5 x 62 36.99 -2.3444 mela5 22 f5 m5 x 85 46.942 -0.6578 mela6 23 f6 m6 x 141 55.3829 -3.8836 mela7 24 f7 m7 x 38 21.304 -4.4592 mela8 25 f8 m8 x 121 50.229 -4.8576 mela9 26 f9 m9 x 218 136.08 -2.6027 mela9 27 f9 m9 x 50 36.712 -3.5346 mela10 28 f10 m10 x 97 50.625 -4.0251 mela10 29 f10 m10 x 98 62.8699 -3.9857 mela10 30 f10 m10 x 75 45.359 -4.4592 mela10 31 f10 m10 x 85 65.385 -4.1117 mela11 32 f11 m11 x 209 160.08 -3.5346 mela11 33 f11 m11 x 127 121.349 -3.2736 mela11 34 f11 m11 x 98 75.166 -3.8126 mela11 35 f11 m11 x 58 55.498 -3.6015 mela11 36 f11 m11 x 151 114.489 -3.5991 mela12 37 f12 m12 x 66 42.222 -2.9414 mela12 38 f12 m12 x 25 14.495 -2.2504 mela12 39 f12 m12 x 91 55.7649 -2.3269 mela13 40 f13 m13 x 42 33.242 -2.0662 mela14 41 f14 m14 x 160 80.663 -5.1393 # # Denmark # mela15 42 f15 m15 x 209 78.897 -5.7887 mela15 43 f15 m15 x 43 19.621 -5.8989 mela15 44 f15 m15 x 28 12.04 -5.245 mela16 45 f16 m16 x 41 17.5599 -5.1866 mela16 46 f16 m16 x 42 16.684 -5.217 mela16 47 f16 m16 x 6 3.079 -5.0981 mela17 48 f17 m17 x 57 28.662 -5.4778 mela17 49 f17 m17 x 20 15.852 -5.217 mela17 50 f17 m17 x 21 13.507 -5.5612 mela17 51 f17 m17 x 31 20.41 -5.8439 mela17 52 f17 m17 x 23 16.632 -6.0623 mela17 53 f17 m17 x 79 36.005 -5.9509 mela17 54 f17 m17 x 24 14.803 -6.114 mela17 55 f17 m17 x 57 30.57 -6.1151 # # France # mela18 56 f18 m18 x 33 44.742 -0.9368 mela18 57 f18 m18 x 20 32.375 -0.0884 mela19 58 f19 m19 x 15 18.878 2.7823 mela19 59 f19 m19 x 29 52.7869 3.2047 mela19 60 f19 m19 x 9 14.498 3.7856 mela19 61 f19 m19 x 7 14.731 3.5087 mela19 62 f19 m19 x 14 26.822 5.3566 mela20 63 f20 m20 x 17 19.172 1.9737 mela20 64 f20 m20 x 7 8.595 2.5436 mela20 65 f20 m20 x 8 10.398 3.0821 mela20 66 f20 m20 x 10 29.562 2.1911 mela21 67 f21 m21 x 13 28.3759 -0.6221 mela21 68 f21 m21 x 9 22.5599 -0.4548 mela21 69 f21 m21 x 7 14.818 -1.0124 mela22 70 f22 m22 x 13 23.294 0.9771 mela22 71 f22 m22 x 8 12.69 1.366 mela22 72 f22 m22 x 19 29.0639 1.6602 mela22 73 f22 m22 x 9 15.38 0.2517 mela23 74 f23 m23 x 16 26.4009 0.1042 mela23 75 f23 m23 x 44 40.512 -0.5807 mela23 76 f23 m23 x 14 34.991 -0.375 mela23 77 f23 m23 x 24 28.552 -0.06 mela24 78 f24 m24 x 12 16.2619 1.452 mela24 79 f24 m24 x 13 17.3969 -0.453 mela24 80 f24 m24 x 11 12.662 1.0764 mela24 81 f24 m24 x 14 24.028 0.3122 mela24 82 f24 m24 x 5 14.36 0.1511 mela24 83 f24 m24 x 13 25.174 -0.1392 mela25 84 f25 m25 x 11 16.107 -1.7997 mela25 85 f25 m25 x 8 14.536 -0.1498 mela25 86 f25 m25 x 16 27.318 -1.2866 mela25 87 f25 m25 x 3 10.988 -0.7599 mela27 89 f27 m27 x 9 24.309 0.556 mela27 90 f27 m27 x 13 12.305 1.5737 mela27 91 f27 m27 x 8 11.309 2.3619 mela27 92 f27 m27 x 3 6.614 0.2315 mela28 93 f28 m28 x 12 21.7029 -1.6795 mela28 94 f28 m28 x 42 59.658 -2.1093 mela29 95 f29 m29 x 77 110.18 -0.7146 mela29 96 f29 m29 x 15 39.0169 -0.6373 mela29 97 f29 m29 x 40 55.986 -0.6373 mela29 98 f29 m29 x 16 47.549 -0.4819 mela29 99 f29 m29 x 34 73.008 -0.5598 mela29 100 f29 m29 x 30 68.653 -0.7916 mela29 101 f29 m29 x 41 61.691 -0.7146 mela29 102 f29 m29 x 18 43.2799 -0.9447 mela30 103 f30 m30 x 5 13.526 4.9606 mela30 104 f30 m30 x 16 24.9669 6.4726 mela30 105 f30 m30 x 18 32.234 6.8973 mela30 106 f30 m30 x 2 3.893 3.8485 mela30 107 f30 m30 x 11 14.999 7.4113 mela31 108 f31 m31 x 5 12.176 2.3668 mela31 109 f31 m31 x 9 7.43 1.7567 mela31 110 f31 m31 x 11 17.697 2.0165 mela32 111 f32 m32 x 14 37.07 -1.1375 mela32 112 f32 m32 x 7 10.434 -1.2866 mela32 113 f32 m32 x 28 52.611 -1.4346 mela32 114 f32 m32 x 10 20.114 -0.836 mela33 115 f33 m33 x 5 7.086 4.9606 mela33 116 f33 m33 x 7 14.022 4.1319 mela33 117 f33 m33 x 13 38.879 4.6719 mela33 118 f33 m33 x 7 9.045 4.0649 mela33 119 f33 m33 x 5 7.619 3.2342 mela33 120 f33 m33 x 9 11.514 5.4555 mela33 121 f33 m33 x 3 17.152 4.2907 mela33 122 f33 m33 x 7 9.279 3.693 mela34 123 f34 m34 x 63 127.379 -2.6671 mela34 124 f34 m34 x 35 71.2149 -2.5983 mela35 125 f35 m35 x 25 46.6059 0.546 mela35 126 f35 m35 x 17 31.93 0.8774 mela35 127 f35 m35 x 6 13.1 -0.375 mela35 128 f35 m35 x 12 24.968 0.2517 mela35 129 f35 m35 x 14 22.656 1.3832 mela36 130 f36 m36 x 9 27.546 -1.7997 mela36 131 f36 m36 x 8 31.518 -1.9671 mela36 132 f36 m36 x 10 27.393 -2.0155 mela37 133 f37 m37 x 12 17.1089 2.1037 mela37 134 f37 m37 x 19 25.061 2.1911 mela37 135 f37 m37 x 9 17.264 1.3294 mela37 136 f37 m37 x 4 18.202 1.4143 mela38 137 f38 m38 x 3 5.811 5.949 mela38 138 f38 m38 x 1 5.021 5.5376 mela38 139 f38 m38 x 22 39.851 6.7371 mela38 140 f38 m38 x 44 82.774 6.5751 mela38 141 f38 m38 x 17 31.927 7.6517 mela38 142 f38 m38 x 11 20.07 5.5807 mela39 143 f39 m39 x 12 19.569 2.0421 mela39 144 f39 m39 x 10 13 4.9771 mela39 145 f39 m39 x 14 18.246 5.077 mela39 146 f39 m39 x 22 44.3569 3.0487 mela39 147 f39 m39 x 22 37.924 2.3947 mela39 148 f39 m39 x 50 72.6869 2.2178 mela39 149 f39 m39 x 5 15.791 2.9576 mela39 150 f39 m39 x 18 23.312 2.4166 # # UK # mela40 151 f40 m40 x 20 22.275 -4.1278 mela40 152 f40 m40 x 27 25.771 -4.1117 mela40 153 f40 m40 x 28 22.983 -3.5871 mela41 154 f41 m41 x 31 34.16 -5.349 mela41 155 f41 m41 x 32 31.839 -4.5569 mela41 156 f41 m41 x 16 20.391 -4.5581 mela41 157 f41 m41 x 28 19.7619 -4.1686 mela41 158 f41 m41 x 35 37.16 -4.5581 mela42 159 f42 m42 x 31 43.8629 -5.8745 mela42 160 f42 m42 x 9 21.638 -5.7101 mela42 161 f42 m42 x 18 17.792 -5.7463 mela42 162 f42 m42 x 23 23.259 -5.7101 mela42 163 f42 m42 x 11 11.074 -6.0027 mela43 164 f43 m43 x 65 100.349 -4.8949 mela43 165 f43 m43 x 52 57.973 -4.8358 mela43 166 f43 m43 x 34 34.959 -4.7168 mela43 167 f43 m43 x 43 50.9399 -4.845 mela44 168 f44 m44 x 313 258.859 -3.4478 mela44 169 f44 m44 x 27 19.326 -3.9394 mela44 170 f44 m44 x 24 25.9939 -3.5556 mela44 171 f44 m44 x 20 20.354 -3.7487 mela44 172 f44 m44 x 36 23.072 -2.494 mela44 173 f44 m44 x 74 54.3909 -3.3243 mela44 174 f44 m44 x 65 56.8989 -2.9639 mela44 175 f44 m44 x 45 35.991 -3.7487 mela44 176 f44 m44 x 10 4.183 -2.1284 mela44 177 f44 m44 x 69 54.576 -2.8121 mela44 178 f44 m44 x 29 21.622 -3.7487 mela44 179 f44 m44 x 53 37.761 -3.0985 mela44 180 f44 m44 x 39 23.0259 -2.2713 mela45 181 f45 m45 x 33 34.5589 -3.3399 mela45 182 f45 m45 x 28 15.505 -2.3696 mela45 183 f45 m45 x 47 35.685 -2.5787 mela45 184 f45 m45 x 27 21.468 -2.4239 mela45 185 f45 m45 x 22 18.778 -3.7487 mela45 186 f45 m45 x 21 15.633 -2.9639 mela45 187 f45 m45 x 21 20.084 -3.2739 mela46 188 f46 m46 x 97 104.3 -4.5987 mela46 189 f46 m46 x 27 23.268 -3.9394 mela46 190 f46 m46 x 15 13.895 -4.5569 mela46 191 f46 m46 x 26 38.2659 -4.7772 mela46 192 f46 m46 x 12 17.95 -4.4179 mela47 193 f47 m47 x 47 49.7179 -5.2817 mela47 194 f47 m47 x 63 78.1279 -5.3949 mela47 195 f47 m47 x 38 31.921 -5.2609 mela47 196 f47 m47 x 31 25.1959 -5.4875 mela48 197 f48 m48 x 13 14.35 -4.5581 mela48 198 f48 m48 x 17 12.173 -3.6662 mela48 199 f48 m48 x 15 16.632 -3.4712 mela48 200 f48 m48 x 11 8.487 -4.1992 mela48 201 f48 m48 x 19 20.365 -3.513 mela48 202 f48 m48 x 4 4.116 -4.4784 mela48 203 f48 m48 x 11 14.492 -3.3399 mela48 204 f48 m48 x 15 13.68 -3.5779 mela49 205 f49 m49 x 8 7.207 -7.5623 mela49 206 f49 m49 x 23 17.322 -7.1104 mela49 207 f49 m49 x 19 15.02 -6.7138 mela49 208 f49 m49 x 13 12.891 -6.5611 mela49 209 f49 m49 x 28 27.885 -6.3218 mela49 210 f49 m49 x 1 3.725 -6.456 mela49 211 f49 m49 x 7 10.387 -6.8106 mela49 212 f49 m49 x 74 91.539 -6.4214 mela49 213 f49 m49 x 3 5.425 -6.0713 mela49 214 f49 m49 x 2 0.69 -8.1163 mela49 215 f49 m49 x 0 0.81 -8.9002 mela49 216 f49 m49 x 0 1.137 -7.7158 mela50 217 f50 m50 x 16 21.333 -5.8011 mela50 218 f50 m50 x 10 11.689 -5.8943 mela50 219 f50 m50 x 4 8.604 -5.451 mela50 220 f50 m50 x 4 7.776 -5.6191 # # Italy # mela51 221 f51 m51 x 9 9.498 6.1548 mela51 222 f51 m51 x 6 8.586 5.8535 mela51 223 f51 m51 x 9 9.007 6.0541 mela51 224 f51 m51 x 8 11.587 6.2558 mela52 225 f52 m52 x 6 13.32 9.1951 mela52 226 f52 m52 x 5 6.53 9.1951 mela53 227 f53 m53 x 10 23.039 10.38 mela53 228 f53 m53 x 9 23.648 10.832 mela53 229 f53 m53 x 5 18.9109 11.54 mela54 230 f54 m54 x 10 23.02 8.0301 mela54 231 f54 m54 x 4 9.343 8.0301 mela54 232 f54 m54 x 31 91.023 8.2438 mela54 233 f54 m54 x 4 14.02 8.2438 mela54 234 f54 m54 x 13 31.947 8.4584 mela55 235 f55 m55 x 11 9.031 2.1828 mela55 236 f55 m55 x 18 12.623 3.5676 mela55 237 f55 m55 x 9 12.86 3.7546 mela55 238 f55 m55 x 19 18.353 3.1433 mela55 239 f55 m55 x 31 29.354 3.3254 mela55 240 f55 m55 x 10 12.17 3.0526 mela55 241 f55 m55 x 16 11.409 3.4169 mela55 242 f55 m55 x 20 18.7509 3.6007 mela56 243 f56 m56 x 22 16.622 1.9864 mela56 244 f56 m56 x 9 4.56 2.0737 mela56 245 f56 m56 x 17 9.043 2.6858 mela56 246 f56 m56 x 8 8.452 2.0737 mela57 247 f57 m57 x 8 8.476 5.3026 mela57 248 f57 m57 x 4 4.628 5.3026 mela57 249 f57 m57 x 109 114.889 7.5343 mela57 250 f57 m57 x 12 13.44 7.961 mela57 251 f57 m57 x 9 14.459 7.8539 mela58 252 f58 m58 x 4 7.19 6.7371 mela58 253 f58 m58 x 10 9.584 4.4435 mela58 254 f58 m58 x 36 33.443 4.3472 mela58 255 f58 m58 x 13 7.682 4.7941 mela59 256 f59 m59 x 23 24.339 1.5821 mela59 257 f59 m59 x 24 23.7339 1.4973 mela59 258 f59 m59 x 4 5.577 1.2448 mela59 259 f59 m59 x 128 126.519 1.8379 mela59 260 f59 m59 x 15 27.8279 1.6671 mela59 261 f59 m59 x 12 31.7509 1.7524 mela59 262 f59 m59 x 16 16.452 2.0962 mela59 263 f59 m59 x 9 10.499 3.3818 mela59 264 f59 m59 x 13 11.984 3.2893 mela60 265 f60 m60 x 8 10.451 3.8784 mela60 266 f60 m60 x 13 13.384 4.3196 mela60 267 f60 m60 x 8 9.18 4.6044 mela60 268 f60 m60 x 6 11.04 5.6539 mela61 269 f61 m61 x 6 7.471 8.1386 mela61 270 f61 m61 x 2 2.997 8.0307 mela62 271 f62 m62 x 88 75.414 2.7823 mela62 272 f62 m62 x 14 12.566 2.6035 mela62 273 f62 m62 x 21 15.924 1.8379 mela62 274 f62 m62 x 13 17.599 3.4169 mela62 275 f62 m62 x 8 6.967 3.0526 mela62 276 f62 m62 x 25 15.076 2.9622 mela63 277 f63 m63 x 15 21.753 8.5727 mela63 278 f63 m63 x 22 45.473 8.7536 mela63 279 f63 m63 x 12 17.7649 9.4174 mela63 280 f63 m63 x 8 12.285 9.3061 mela63 281 f63 m63 x 9 23.4559 9.5289 mela64 282 f64 m64 x 11 13.59 9.5634 mela64 283 f64 m64 x 2 8.831 10.203 mela64 284 f64 m64 x 15 22.905 10.38 mela64 285 f64 m64 x 1 5.02 9.7085 mela65 286 f65 m65 x 6 13.423 13.104 mela65 287 f65 m65 x 20 37.2879 12.983 mela65 288 f65 m65 x 11 21.167 11.312 mela65 289 f65 m65 x 9 15.452 12.769 mela65 290 f65 m65 x 5 9.413 12.652 mela65 291 f65 m65 x 2 6.551 12.535 mela65 292 f65 m65 x 11 31.489 12.652 mela65 293 f65 m65 x 4 8.516 13.359 mela65 294 f65 m65 x 12 12.52 13.122 mela66 295 f66 m66 x 5 6.445 4.7941 mela66 296 f66 m66 x 8 12.059 4.9901 mela66 297 f66 m66 x 8 8.275 5.4666 mela66 298 f66 m66 x 44 37.2589 5.5673 mela66 299 f66 m66 x 6 10.894 5.2862 mela66 300 f66 m66 x 14 12.16 5.0885 mela66 301 f66 m66 x 9 9.964 5.8711 mela66 302 f66 m66 x 5 8.214 6.0751 mela66 303 f66 m66 x 11 7.16 6.6938 mela67 304 f67 m67 x 13 13.623 1.2744 mela67 305 f67 m67 x 15 13.922 1.614 mela68 306 f68 m68 x 9 18.2169 4.6307 mela68 307 f68 m68 x 12 7.25 5.1093 mela69 308 f69 m69 x 6 3.685 2.2492 mela70 309 f70 m70 x 19 24.068 1.8379 mela70 310 f70 m70 x 19 22.534 2.4836 mela70 311 f70 m70 x 10 7.001 1.8994 mela70 312 f70 m70 x 22 22.193 2.3947 mela70 313 f70 m70 x 29 26.4629 2.5727 mela70 314 f70 m70 x 35 25.282 2.6622 mela70 315 f70 m70 x 8 8.019 2.7823 # # Ireland # mela71 316 f71 m71 x 1 5.604 -5.322 mela71 317 f71 m71 x 0 0.964 -5.9527 mela71 318 f71 m71 x 3 3.789 -5.6017 mela71 319 f71 m71 x 0 1.847 -5.4906 mela71 320 f71 m71 x 2 1.805 -5.9527 mela72 321 f72 m72 x 0 1.277 -4.6169 mela72 322 f72 m72 x 21 30.641 -4.7764 mela72 323 f72 m72 x 4 3.269 -4.7168 mela72 324 f72 m72 x 1 2.309 -4.5569 mela72 325 f72 m72 x 0 1.701 -4.9944 mela72 326 f72 m72 x 2 1.04 -5.2993 mela72 327 f72 m72 x 2 2.794 -5.6963 mela72 328 f72 m72 x 2 3.024 -5.2423 mela72 329 f72 m72 x 0 1.933 -5.1101 mela72 330 f72 m72 x 1 1.984 -5.185 mela72 331 f72 m72 x 2 3.17 -3.8836 mela72 332 f72 m72 x 1 2.718 -4.5968 mela73 333 f73 m73 x 1 2.845 -4.7772 mela73 334 f73 m73 x 7 12.902 -4.1911 mela73 335 f73 m73 x 3 4.032 -4.4179 mela73 336 f73 m73 x 5 5.144 -4.5987 mela73 337 f73 m73 x 1 4.461 -4.5569 mela73 338 f73 m73 x 3 2.843 -4.314 mela74 339 f74 m74 x 1 1.835 -5.751 mela74 340 f74 m74 x 3 4.064 -5.9293 mela74 341 f74 m74 x 1 1.698 -5.8596 # # Luxembourg # mela75 342 f75 m75 x 2 2.353 -2.3466 mela75 343 f75 m75 x 2 3.427 -2.3678 mela75 344 f75 m75 x 19 16.5529 -2.2769 # # Netherlands # mela76 345 f76 m76 x 14 17.68 -4.972 mela76 346 f76 m76 x 26 18.495 -4.8547 mela76 347 f76 m76 x 11 13.456 -4.7363 mela77 348 f77 m77 x 34 32.5779 -4.1278 mela77 349 f77 m77 x 62 53.824 -3.8761 mela78 350 f78 m78 x 32 28.011 -3.9394 mela78 351 f78 m78 x 107 74.903 -4.2127 mela78 352 f78 m78 x 150 97.6399 -4.1911 mela78 353 f78 m78 x 15 11.01 -3.8761 mela79 354 f79 m79 x 64 65.7699 -3.6846 mela79 355 f79 m79 x 31 34.471 -3.6436 ;;;; set ple -1 run set loc logexp qua logexp = log(expected) set iter 500 set ple 1 fpm deaths lik poisson offset logexp nqtl 0 vc cov uvb reg deaths = uvb offset logexp poisson