Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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40205036
TITLE
Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals.
ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis is the third most rapidly growing health condition associated with disability, after dementia and diabetes . By 2050, the total number of patients with osteoarthritis is estimated to reach 1 billion worldwide . As no disease-modifying treatments exist for osteoarthritis, a better understanding of disease aetiopathology is urgently needed. Here we perform a genome-wide association study meta-analyses across up to 489,975 cases and 1,472,094 controls, establishing 962 independent associations, 513 of which have not been previously reported. Using single-cell multiomics data, we identify signal enrichment in embryonic skeletal development pathways. We integrate orthogonal lines of evidence, including transcriptome, proteome and epigenome profiles of primary joint tissues, and implicate 700 effector genes. Within these, we find rare coding-variant burden associations with effect sizes that are consistently higher than common frequency variant associations. We highlight eight biological processes in which we find convergent involvement of multiple effector genes, including the circadian clock, glial-cell-related processes and pathways with an established role in osteoarthritis (TGFβ, FGF, WNT, BMP and retinoic acid signalling, and extracellular matrix organization). We find that 10% of the effector genes express a protein that is the target of approved drugs, offering repurposing opportunities, which can accelerate translation.
© 2025. The Author(s).
DATE PUBLISHED
2025 Apr 09
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2024/07/17
accepted 2025/02/11
pubmed 2025/04/10 00:20
medline 2025/04/10 00:20
entrez 2025/04/09 23:29
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Hatzikotoulas K Hatzikotoulas Konstantinos K Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Southam L Southam Lorraine L Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Stefansdottir L Stefansdottir Lilja L deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Boer CG Boer Cindy G CG Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
McDonald ML McDonald Merry-Lynn ML Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Pett JP Pett J Patrick JP Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Park YC Park Young-Chan YC Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Tuerlings M Tuerlings Margo M Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Mulders R Mulders Rick R Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Barysenka A Barysenka Andrei A Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Arruda AL Arruda Ana Luiza AL Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Tragante V Tragante Vinicius V deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Rocco A Rocco Alison A Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Bittner N Bittner Norbert N Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Chen S Chen Shibo S Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Horn S Horn Susanne S Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Srinivasasainagendra V Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh V Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
To K To Ken K Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Katsoula G Katsoula Georgia G Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Kreitmaier P Kreitmaier Peter P Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Tenghe AMM Tenghe Amabel M M AMM Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Gilly A Gilly Arthur A Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Arbeeva L Arbeeva Liubov L Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Chen LG Chen Lane G LG Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
de Pins AM de Pins Agathe M AM Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Dochtermann D Dochtermann Daniel D Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Henkel C Henkel Cecilie C Clinical Orthopaedic Research Hvidovre (CORH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Höijer J Höijer Jonas J Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ito S Ito Shuji S Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
Lind PA Lind Penelope A PA School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Lukusa-Sawalena B Lukusa-Sawalena Bitota B Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Minn AKK Minn Aye Ko Ko AKK Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Mola-Caminal M Mola-Caminal Marina M Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Narita A Narita Akira A Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Nguyen C Nguyen Chelsea C Birmingham Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (BVAHS), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Reimann E Reimann Ene E Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Silberstein MD Silberstein Micah D MD Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Skogholt AH Skogholt Anne-Heidi AH HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tiwari HK Tiwari Hemant K HK Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Yau MS Yau Michelle S MS Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Yue M Yue Ming M School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Zhao W Zhao Wei W Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Zhou JJ Zhou Jin J JJ Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Alexiadis G Alexiadis George G 1st Department of Orthopaedics, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Banasik K Banasik Karina K Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Brunak S Brunak Søren S Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Campbell A Campbell Archie A Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Cheung JTS Cheung Jackson T S JTS Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Dowsett J Dowsett Joseph J Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Faquih T Faquih Tariq T Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Faul JD Faul Jessica D JD Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Fei L Fei Lijiang L Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Fenstad AM Fenstad Anne Marie AM The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Funayama T Funayama Takamitsu T Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Gabrielsen ME Gabrielsen Maiken E ME HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Gocho C Gocho Chinatsu C Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Gromov K Gromov Kirill K Clinical Orthopaedic Research Hvidovre (CORH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Hansen T Hansen Thomas T Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.
Hudjashov G Hudjashov Georgi G Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Ingvarsson T Ingvarsson Thorvaldur T Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Johnson JS Johnson Jessica S JS Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jonsson H Jonsson Helgi H Department of Medicine, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kakehi S Kakehi Saori S Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Karjalainen J Karjalainen Juha J Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Kasbohm E Kasbohm Elisa E Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Lemmelä S Lemmelä Susanna S Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Lin K Lin Kuang K Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Liu X Liu Xiaoxi X Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
Loef M Loef Marieke M Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Mangino M Mangino Massimo M Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK.
McCartney D McCartney Daniel D Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Millwood IY Millwood Iona Y IY Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Richman J Richman Joshua J Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Roberts MB Roberts Mary B MB Center for Primary Care & Prevention, Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA.
Ryan KA Ryan Kathleen A KA Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Samartzis D Samartzis Dino D Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shivakumar M Shivakumar Manu M Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Skou ST Skou Søren T ST The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark.
Sugimoto S Sugimoto Sachiyo S Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Suzuki K Suzuki Ken K Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Takuwa H Takuwa Hiroshi H Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
Teder-Laving M Teder-Laving Maris M Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Thomas L Thomas Laurent L Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tomizuka K Tomizuka Kohei K Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
Turman C Turman Constance C Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Weiss S Weiss Stefan S Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Wu TT Wu Tian T TT Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Zengini E Zengini Eleni E 4th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
Zhang Y Zhang Yanfei Y Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
arcOGEN Consortium
ARGO Consortium
DBDS Genomic Consortium
Estonian Biobank Research Team
FinnGen
Genes & Health Research Team
HUNT All-In Pain
Million Veteran Program
Regeneron Genetics Center
Ferreira MAR Ferreira Manuel Allen Revez MAR Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Babis G Babis George G 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 'Konstantopouleio' Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Baras A Baras Aris A Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Barker T Barker Tyler T Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Carey DJ Carey David J DJ Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
Cheah KSE Cheah Kathryn S E KSE School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Chen Z Chen Zhengming Z Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cheung JP Cheung Jason Pui-Yin JP Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Daly M Daly Mark M Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
de Mutsert R de Mutsert Renée R Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Eaton CB Eaton Charles B CB Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Erikstrup C Erikstrup Christian C Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Furnes ON Furnes Ove Nord ON Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Golightly YM Golightly Yvonne M YM University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Gudbjartsson DF Gudbjartsson Daniel F DF School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Hailer NP Hailer Nils P NP Orthopedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Hayward C Hayward Caroline C MRC Human Genetics Unit IGC, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Hochberg MC Hochberg Marc C MC Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Homuth G Homuth Georg G Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Huckins LM Huckins Laura M LM Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Hveem K Hveem Kristian K Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway.
Ikegawa S Ikegawa Shiro S Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
Ishijima M Ishijima Muneaki M Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Isomura M Isomura Minoru M Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
Jones M Jones Marcus M Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Kang JH Kang Jae H JH Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Kardia SLR Kardia Sharon L R SLR Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kloppenburg M Kloppenburg Margreet M Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Kraft P Kraft Peter P Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kumahashi N Kumahashi Nobuyuki N Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan.
Kuwata S Kuwata Suguru S Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
Lee MTM Lee Ming Ta Michael MTM Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
Lee PH Lee Phil H PH Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Lerner R Lerner Robin R Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Li L Li Liming L Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China.
Lietman SA Lietman Steve A SA Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
Lotta L Lotta Luca L Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Lupton MK Lupton Michelle K MK School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Mägi R Mägi Reedik R Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG Genetic Epidemiology, Brain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
McAlindon TE McAlindon Timothy E TE Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Medland SE Medland Sarah E SE Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Michaëlsson K Michaëlsson Karl K Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Mitchell BD Mitchell Braxton D BD Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mook-Kanamori DO Mook-Kanamori Dennis O DO Department of Public Health, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Morris AP Morris Andrew P AP Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Nabika T Nabika Toru T Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
Nagami F Nagami Fuji F Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Nelson AE Nelson Amanda E AE Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ostrowski SR Ostrowski Sisse Rye SR Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Palotie A Palotie Aarno A Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Pedersen OB Pedersen Ole Birger OB Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital - Køge, Køge, Denmark.
Rosendaal FR Rosendaal Frits R FR Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sakurai-Yageta M Sakurai-Yageta Mika M Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Schmidt CO Schmidt Carsten Oliver CO Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Sham PC Sham Pak Chung PC Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Singh JA Singh Jasvinder A JA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Smelser DT Smelser Diane T DT Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
Smith JA Smith Jennifer A JA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Song YQ Song You-Qiang YQ School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
Sørensen E Sørensen Erik E Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tamiya G Tamiya Gen G Statistical Genetics Team, Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.
Tamura Y Tamura Yoshifumi Y Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Terao C Terao Chikashi C The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
Thorleifsson G Thorleifsson Gudmar G deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Troelsen A Troelsen Anders A Clinical Academic Group: Research OsteoArthritis Denmark (CAG ROAD), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Tsezou A Tsezou Aspasia A Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Uchio Y Uchio Yuji Y Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
Uitterlinden AG Uitterlinden A G AG Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ullum H Ullum Henrik H Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Valdes AM Valdes Ana M AM Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
van Heel DA van Heel David A DA Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Walters RG Walters Robin G RG Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Weir DR Weir David R DR Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Wilkinson JM Wilkinson J Mark JM School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Winsvold BS Winsvold Bendik S BS Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Yamamoto M Yamamoto Masayuki M Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Zwart JA Zwart John-Anker JA Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Stefansson K Stefansson Kari K Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Meulenbelt I Meulenbelt Ingrid I Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Teichmann SA Teichmann Sarah A SA Department of Medicine & Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
van Meurs JBJ van Meurs Joyce B J JBJ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Styrkarsdottir U Styrkarsdottir Unnur U deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Zeggini E Zeggini Eleftheria E TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany. eleftheria.zeggini@helmholtz-munich.de.
INVESTIGATORS
LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION
Babis George G
van Heel David A DA
Winsvold Bendik B
Gabrielsen Maiken M
JOURNAL
VOLUME:
ISSUE:
TITLE: Nature
ISOABBREVIATION: Nature
YEAR: 2025
MONTH: Apr
DAY: 09
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1476-4687
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Nature
COUNTRY: England
ISSNLINKING: 0028-0836
NLMUNIQUEID: 0410462
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
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