Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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PMID
39875632
TITLE
Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient.
ABSTRACT
We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this index showed reduced risks for diseases including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression, asthma and back pain. The Income Factor had a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = 0.006) with educational attainment. Accounting for the genetic overlap of educational attainment with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal was linked to better mental health but reduced physical health and increased risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking. These findings highlight the complex genetic influences on income and health.
© 2025. The Author(s).
DATE PUBLISHED
2025 Jan 28
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2023/12/20
accepted 2024/10/23
medline 2025/01/29 00:20
pubmed 2025/01/29 00:20
entrez 2025/01/28 23:26
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Kweon H Kweon Hyeokmoon H Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Burik CAP Burik Casper A P CAP Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ning Y Ning Yuchen Y Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ahlskog R Ahlskog Rafael R Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Xia C Xia Charley C Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Abner E Abner Erik E Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Bao Y Bao Yanchun Y School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK.
Bhatta L Bhatta Laxmi L HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Faquih TO Faquih Tariq O TO Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
de Feijter M de Feijter Maud M Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Fisher P Fisher Paul P Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK.
Gelemanović A Gelemanović Andrea A Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
Giannelis A Giannelis Alexandros A Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.
Hottenga JJ Hottenga Jouke-Jan JJ Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Khalili B Khalili Bita B Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Lee Y Lee Yunsung Y Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Li-Gao R Li-Gao Ruifang R Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Masso J Masso Jaan J School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Myhre R Myhre Ronny R Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Palviainen T Palviainen Teemu T Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Rietveld CA Rietveld Cornelius A CA Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Teumer A Teumer Alexander A Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Verweij RM Verweij Renske M RM Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Willoughby EA Willoughby Emily A EA Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.
Agerbo E Agerbo Esben E School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Bergmann S Bergmann Sven S Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Boomsma DI Boomsma Dorret I DI Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Børglum AD Børglum Anders D AD Center for Genome Analysis and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
Brumpton BM Brumpton Ben M BM Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Davies NM Davies Neil Martin NM Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Esko T Esko Tõnu T Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Gordon SD Gordon Scott D SD Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Homuth G Homuth Georg G Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Ikram MA Ikram M Arfan MA Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Johannesson M Johannesson Magnus M Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Kaprio J Kaprio Jaakko J Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kidd MP Kidd Michael P MP International School of Technology and Management, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Kutalik Z Kutalik Zoltán Z University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Unisante, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Kwong ASF Kwong Alex S F ASF Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Lee JJ Lee James J JJ Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.
Luik AI Luik Annemarie I AI Trimbos Institute-Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Magnus P Magnus Per P Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Marques-Vidal P Marques-Vidal Pedro P Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Mook-Kanamori DO Mook-Kanamori Dennis O DO Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mortensen PB Mortensen Preben Bo PB School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Oskarsson S Oskarsson Sven S Department of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Pedersen EM Pedersen Emil M EM School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Polašek O Polašek Ozren O Algebra University, Zagreb, Croatia.
Rosendaal FR Rosendaal Frits R FR Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Smart MC Smart Melissa C MC Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK.
Snieder H Snieder Harold H Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
van der Most PJ van der Most Peter J PJ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Vollenweider P Vollenweider Peter P Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Völzke H Völzke Henry H Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Willemsen G Willemsen Gonneke G Faculty of Health, Sports and Wellbeing, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
Beauchamp JP Beauchamp Jonathan P JP Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science and Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
DiPrete TA DiPrete Thomas A TA Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Linnér RK Linnér Richard Karlsson RK Department of Economics, Leiden Law School, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Lu Q Lu Qiongshi Q Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Morris TT Morris Tim T TT Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
Okbay A Okbay Aysu A Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Harden KP Harden K Paige KP Department of Psychology and Population Reseach Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Abdellaoui A Abdellaoui Abdel A Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. a.abdellaoui@amsterdamumc.nl.
Hill WD Hill W David WD Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. David.Hill@ed.ac.uk.
de Vlaming R de Vlaming Ronald R Department of Econometrics and Data Science, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Benjamin DJ Benjamin Daniel J DJ National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Koellinger PD Koellinger Philipp D PD DeSci Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland. p.d.koellinger@vu.nl.
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME:
ISSUE:
TITLE: Nature human behaviour
ISOABBREVIATION: Nat Hum Behav
YEAR: 2025
MONTH: Jan
DAY: 28
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 2397-3374
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Nat Hum Behav
COUNTRY: England
ISSNLINKING: 2397-3374
NLMUNIQUEID: 101697750
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