Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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39843750
TITLE
Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.
ABSTRACT
Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease . Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown . We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.8 million controls), combining clinical, community and self-reported samples. We identified 298 genome-wide significant loci in the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, a fourfold increase over previous findings , and identified an ancestry-specific association in the East Asian cohort. Integrating results from fine-mapping and other variant-to-gene mapping approaches identified 36 credible genes in the aetiology of bipolar disorder. Genes prioritized through fine-mapping were enriched for ultra-rare damaging missense and protein-truncating variations in cases with bipolar disorder , highlighting convergence of common and rare variant signals. We report differences in the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder depending on the source of patient ascertainment and on bipolar disorder subtype (type I or type II). Several analyses implicate specific cell types in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, including GABAergic interneurons and medium spiny neurons. Together, these analyses provide additional insights into the genetic architecture and biological underpinnings of bipolar disorder.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
DATE PUBLISHED
2025 Mar
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2023/12/22
accepted 2024/11/28
medline 2025/03/27 06:28
pubmed 2025/01/23 05:17
entrez 2025/01/22 23:26
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
O'Connell KS O'Connell Kevin S KS Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. k.s.oconnell@medisin.uio.no.
Koromina M Koromina Maria M Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
van der Veen T van der Veen Tracey T Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Boltz T Boltz Toni T Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
David FS David Friederike S FS Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Yang JMK Yang Jessica Mei Kay JMK Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Lin KH Lin Keng-Han KH 23andMe Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
Wang X Wang Xin X 23andMe Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
Coleman JRI Coleman Jonathan R I JRI NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK.
Mitchell BL Mitchell Brittany L BL School of Biomedical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
McGrouther CC McGrouther Caroline C CC New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Rangan AV Rangan Aaditya V AV Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Lind PA Lind Penelope A PA School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Koch E Koch Elise E Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Harder A Harder Arvid A Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Parker N Parker Nadine N Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Bendl J Bendl Jaroslav J Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Adorjan K Adorjan Kristina K University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Agerbo E Agerbo Esben E Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Albani D Albani Diego D Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Alemany S Alemany Silvia S Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Alliey-Rodriguez N Alliey-Rodriguez Ney N Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Als TD Als Thomas D TD Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Andlauer TFM Andlauer Till F M TFM Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Antoniou A Antoniou Anastasia A National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Ask H Ask Helga H PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Bass N Bass Nicholas N Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Bauer M Bauer Michael M Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Beins EC Beins Eva C EC Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Bigdeli TB Bigdeli Tim B TB Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Pedersen CB Pedersen Carsten Bøcker CB Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Boks MP Boks Marco P MP Psychiatry, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Børte S Børte Sigrid S HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Bosch R Bosch Rosa R Programa SJD MIND Escoles, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
Brum M Brum Murielle M Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Brumpton BM Brumpton Ben M BM K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Brunkhorst-Kanaan N Brunkhorst-Kanaan Nathalie N Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Budde M Budde Monika M Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Bybjerg-Grauholm J Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas J Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Byerley W Byerley William W Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cabana-Domínguez J Cabana-Domínguez Judit J Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Cairns MJ Cairns Murray J MJ Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.
Carpiniello B Carpiniello Bernardo B Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Casas M Casas Miquel M Fundació Privada d'Investigació Sant Pau (FISP), Barcelona, Spain.
Cervantes P Cervantes Pablo P Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Chatzinakos C Chatzinakos Chris C Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Chen HC Chen Hsi-Chung HC Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Clarence T Clarence Tereza T Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Clarke TK Clarke Toni-Kim TK Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Claus I Claus Isabelle I Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Coombes B Coombes Brandon B Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Corfield EC Corfield Elizabeth C EC Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Cruceanu C Cruceanu Cristiana C Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Cuellar-Barboza A Cuellar-Barboza Alfredo A Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Czerski PM Czerski Piotr M PM Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Dafnas K Dafnas Konstantinos K National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Dale AM Dale Anders M AM Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Dalkner N Dalkner Nina N Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Degenhardt F Degenhardt Franziska F Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
DePaulo JR DePaulo J Raymond JR Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Djurovic S Djurovic Srdjan S Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Drange OK Drange Ole Kristian OK Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.
Escott-Price V Escott-Price Valentina V Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Fanous AH Fanous Ayman H AH Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Fellendorf FT Fellendorf Frederike T FT Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Ferrier IN Ferrier I Nicol IN Academic Psychiatry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Forty L Forty Liz L Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Frank J Frank Josef J Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Frei O Frei Oleksandr O Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Freimer NB Freimer Nelson B NB Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Fullard JF Fullard John F JF Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Garnham J Garnham Julie J Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Gizer IR Gizer Ian R IR Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Gordon SD Gordon Scott D SD Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Gordon-Smith K Gordon-Smith Katherine K Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Greenwood TA Greenwood Tiffany A TA Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Grove J Grove Jakob J Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Guzman-Parra J Guzman-Parra José J Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
Ha TH Ha Tae Hyon TH Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hahn T Hahn Tim T Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Haraldsson M Haraldsson Magnus M Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Hautzinger M Hautzinger Martin M Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.
Havdahl A Havdahl Alexandra A Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Heilbronner U Heilbronner Urs U Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Hellgren D Hellgren Dennis D Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Herms S Herms Stefan S Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Hickie IB Hickie Ian B IB Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Hoffmann P Hoffmann Per P Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Holmans PA Holmans Peter A PA Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Huang MC Huang Ming-Chyi MC Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ikeda M Ikeda Masashi M Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
Jamain S Jamain Stéphane S Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, France.
Johnson JS Johnson Jessica S JS Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jonsson L Jonsson Lina L Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kalman JL Kalman Janos L JL Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Kamatani Y Kamatani Yoichiro Y Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Kennedy JL Kennedy James L JL Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kim E Kim Euitae E Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kim J Kim Jaeyoung J Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kittel-Schneider S Kittel-Schneider Sarah S Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Knowles JA Knowles James A JA Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Kogevinas M Kogevinas Manolis M ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Kranz TM Kranz Thorsten M TM Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Krebs K Krebs Kristi K Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Kushner SA Kushner Steven A SA Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Lavebratt C Lavebratt Catharina C Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lawrence J Lawrence Jacob J Psychiatry, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK.
Leber M Leber Markus M Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Lee HJ Lee Heon-Jeong HJ Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Liao C Liao Calwing C Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lucae S Lucae Susanne S Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Lundberg M Lundberg Martin M Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
MacIntyre DJ MacIntyre Donald J DJ Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Maier W Maier Wolfgang W Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Maihofer AX Maihofer Adam X AX Research/Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Malaspina D Malaspina Dolores D Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Manchia M Manchia Mirko M Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Maratou E Maratou Eirini E National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Martinsson L Martinsson Lina L Centre for Psychiatry Research, SLSO Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mattheisen M Mattheisen Manuel M Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
McGregor NW McGregor Nathaniel W NW Human and Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
McInnis MG McInnis Melvin G MG Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
McKay JD McKay James D JD Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Medeiros H Medeiros Helena H Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Meyer-Lindenberg A Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas A German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Mannheim, Germany.
Millischer V Millischer Vincent V Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Morris DW Morris Derek W DW Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Moutsatsou P Moutsatsou Paraskevi P National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Mühleisen TW Mühleisen Thomas W TW Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
O'Donovan C O'Donovan Claire C Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Olsen CM Olsen Catherine M CM Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Panagiotaropoulou G Panagiotaropoulou Georgia G Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Papiol S Papiol Sergi S Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Pardiñas AF Pardiñas Antonio F AF Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Park HY Park Hye Youn HY Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Perry A Perry Amy A Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Pfennig A Pfennig Andrea A Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Pisanu C Pisanu Claudia C Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Potash JB Potash James B JB Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Quested D Quested Digby D Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Rapaport MH Rapaport Mark H MH Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Regeer EJ Regeer Eline J EJ Outpatient Clinic for Bipolar Disorder, Altrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rice JP Rice John P JP Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Rivera M Rivera Margarita M Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
Schulte EC Schulte Eva C EC Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Senner F Senner Fanny F Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Shadrin A Shadrin Alexey A KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Shilling PD Shilling Paul D PD Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sigurdsson E Sigurdsson Engilbert E Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Sindermann L Sindermann Lisa L Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Sirignano L Sirignano Lea L Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Siskind D Siskind Dan D Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Slaney C Slaney Claire C Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Sloofman LG Sloofman Laura G LG Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Smeland OB Smeland Olav B OB Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Smith DJ Smith Daniel J DJ Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Sobell JL Sobell Janet L JL Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Soler Artigas M Soler Artigas Maria M Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Stein DJ Stein Dan J DJ SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Stein F Stein Frederike F Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Su MH Su Mei-Hsin MH Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Sung H Sung Heejong H Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Świątkowska B Świątkowska Beata B Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Terao C Terao Chikashi C Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Tesfaye M Tesfaye Markos M Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Tesli M Tesli Martin M Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Thorgeirsson TE Thorgeirsson Thorgeir E TE deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Thorp JG Thorp Jackson G JG Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Toma C Toma Claudio C Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Tondo L Tondo Leonardo L Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tooney PA Tooney Paul A PA School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Tsai SJ Tsai Shih-Jen SJ Division of Psychiatry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tsermpini EE Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini EE Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Vawter MP Vawter Marquis P MP Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Vedder H Vedder Helmut H Psychiatry, Psychiatrisches Zentrum Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany.
Vreeker A Vreeker Annabel A Department of Psychology Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Walters JTR Walters James T R JTR Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Winsvold BS Winsvold Bendik S BS Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Witt SH Witt Stephanie H SH Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Won HH Won Hong-Hee HH Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ye R Ye Robert R Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Young AH Young Allan H AH South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK.
Zandi PP Zandi Peter P PP Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Zillich L Zillich Lea L Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
23andMe Research Team
Adolfsson R Adolfsson Rolf R Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden.
Alda M Alda Martin M National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Alfredsson L Alfredsson Lars L Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Backlund L Backlund Lena L Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Baune BT Baune Bernhard T BT The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Bellivier F Bellivier Frank F APHP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, GHU Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France.
Bengesser S Bengesser Susanne S Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Berrettini WH Berrettini Wade H WH Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Biernacka JM Biernacka Joanna M JM Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Boehnke M Boehnke Michael M Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Børglum AD Børglum Anders D AD Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus, Denmark.
Breen G Breen Gerome G NIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK.
Carr VJ Carr Vaughan J VJ Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Catts S Catts Stanley S University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Cichon S Cichon Sven S Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Corvin A Corvin Aiden A Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Craddock N Craddock Nicholas N Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Dannlowski U Dannlowski Udo U Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Dikeos D Dikeos Dimitris D National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Etain B Etain Bruno B APHP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, GHU Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France.
Ferentinos P Ferentinos Panagiotis P National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Frye M Frye Mark M Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Fullerton JM Fullerton Janice M JM School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gawlik M Gawlik Micha M Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Gershon ES Gershon Elliot S ES Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Goes FS Goes Fernando S FS Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Green MJ Green Melissa J MJ Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Maria M Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
Hauser J Hauser Joanna J Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Henskens FA Henskens Frans A FA School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Hjerling-Leffler J Hjerling-Leffler Jens J Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Hougaard DM Hougaard David M DM Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hveem K Hveem Kristian K HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Iwata N Iwata Nakao N Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
Jones I Jones Ian I Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Jones LA Jones Lisa A LA Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Kahn RS Kahn René S RS Psychiatry, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kelsoe JR Kelsoe John R JR Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kircher T Kircher Tilo T Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Kirov G Kirov George G Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Kuo PH Kuo Po-Hsiu PH Department of Public Health and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Landén M Landén Mikael M Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Leboyer M Leboyer Marion M Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, France.
Li QS Li Qingqin S QS JRD Data Science, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA.
Lissowska J Lissowska Jolanta J Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
Lochner C Lochner Christine C SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Loughland C Loughland Carmel C University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Luykx JJ Luykx Jurjen J JJ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Mathews CA Mathews Carol A CA Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Mayoral F Mayoral Fermin F Mental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
McElroy SL McElroy Susan L SL Research Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.
McIntosh AM McIntosh Andrew M AM Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
McMahon FJ McMahon Francis J FJ Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Medland SE Medland Sarah E SE School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Melle I Melle Ingrid I Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
Milani L Milani Lili L Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Mitchell PB Mitchell Philip B PB Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Morken G Morken Gunnar G Psychiatry, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Mors O Mors Ole O Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Risskov, Denmark.
Mortensen PB Mortensen Preben Bo PB NCRR and CIRRAU, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Müller-Myhsok B Müller-Myhsok Bertram B University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Myers RM Myers Richard M RM HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Myung W Myung Woojae W Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Neale BM Neale Benjamin M BM Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nievergelt CM Nievergelt Caroline M CM Research/Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nordentoft M Nordentoft Merete M Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nöthen MM Nöthen Markus M MM Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Nurnberger JI Nurnberger John I JI Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
O'Donovan MC O'Donovan Michael C MC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Oedegaard KJ Oedegaard Ketil J KJ Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Olsson T Olsson Tomas T Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
Owen MJ Owen Michael J MJ Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Paciga SA Paciga Sara A SA Human Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
Pantelis C Pantelis Christos C Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Pato CN Pato Carlos N CN Rutgers Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Pato MT Pato Michele T MT Rutgers Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Patrinos GP Patrinos George P GP Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Pawlak JM Pawlak Joanna M JM Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Ramos-Quiroga JA Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni JA Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Reif A Reif Andreas A Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Reininghaus EZ Reininghaus Eva Z EZ Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Ribasés M Ribasés Marta M Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rietschel M Rietschel Marcella M Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Ripke S Ripke Stephan S Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Rouleau GA Rouleau Guy A GA Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Roussos P Roussos Panos P Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Therapeutics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Saito T Saito Takeo T Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
Schall U Schall Ulrich U Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambtion Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
Schalling M Schalling Martin M Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Schofield PR Schofield Peter R PR School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Schulze TG Schulze Thomas G TG Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Scott LJ Scott Laura J LJ Center for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Scott RJ Scott Rodney J RJ Cancer Detection and Therapies Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Serretti A Serretti Alessandro A Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
Smoller JW Smoller Jordan W JW Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Squassina A Squassina Alessio A Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Stahl EA Stahl Eli A EA Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Stefansson H Stefansson Hreinn H deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Stefansson K Stefansson Kari K Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Stordal E Stordal Eystein E Department of Neuroscience, Norges Teknisk Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Fakultet for naturvitenskap og teknologi, Trondheim, Norway.
Streit F Streit Fabian F Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Sullivan PF Sullivan Patrick F PF Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Turecki G Turecki Gustavo G Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Vaaler AE Vaaler Arne E AE Department of Psychiatry, Sankt Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Vieta E Vieta Eduard E Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Vincent JB Vincent John B JB Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Waldman ID Waldman Irwin D ID Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Weickert CS Weickert Cynthia S CS Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Weickert TW Weickert Thomas W TW Department of Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Werge T Werge Thomas T Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Whiteman DC Whiteman David C DC Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Zwart JA Zwart John-Anker JA Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Edenberg HJ Edenberg Howard J HJ Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
McQuillin A McQuillin Andrew A Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Forstner AJ Forstner Andreas J AJ Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Mullins N Mullins Niamh N Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Di Florio A Di Florio Arianna A Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ophoff RA Ophoff Roel A RA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Andreassen OA Andreassen Ole A OA Center for Precision Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. ole.andreassen@medisin.uio.no.
Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
INVESTIGATORS
LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION
Lee Byung-Chul BC
Kim Ji-Woong JW
Lee Young Kee YK
Kang Joon Ho JH
Cheon Myeong Jae MJ
Kim Dong Jun DJ
Aslan Mihaela M
Harvey Philip D PD
Huang Grant D GD
van der Veen Tracey T
Siskind Dan D
JOURNAL
VOLUME: 639
ISSUE: 8056
TITLE: Nature
ISOABBREVIATION: Nature
YEAR: 2025
MONTH: Mar
DAY:
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1476-4687
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Nature
COUNTRY: England
ISSNLINKING: 0028-0836
NLMUNIQUEID: 0410462
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
GRANTS
GRANTID AGENCY COUNTRY
001 World Health Organization International
GENERAL NOTE
KEYWORDS
MESH HEADINGS
DESCRIPTORNAME QUALIFIERNAME
Bipolar Disorder physiopathology
Humans physiopathology
Genome-Wide Association Study physiopathology
Genomics physiopathology
Phenotype physiopathology
Male physiopathology
Female physiopathology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics
Black or African American genetics
White People genetics
Hispanic or Latino genetics
Cohort Studies genetics
Chromosome Mapping genetics
White genetics
SUPPLEMENTARY MESH
GENE SYMBOLS
CHEMICALS
OTHER ID's
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