Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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PMID
34493871
TITLE
Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation.
ABSTRACT
Characterizing genetic influences on DNA methylation (DNAm) provides an opportunity to understand mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and disease. In the present study, we describe results of DNAm quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants, identifying genetic variants associated with DNAm at 420,509 DNAm sites in blood. We present a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs, of which 8.5% comprise long-range (trans) associations. Identified mQTL associations explain 15-17% of the additive genetic variance of DNAm. We show that the genetic architecture of DNAm levels is highly polygenic. Using shared genetic control between distal DNAm sites, we constructed networks, identifying 405 discrete genomic communities enriched for genomic annotations and complex traits. Shared genetic variants are associated with both DNAm levels and complex diseases, but only in a minority of cases do these associations reflect causal relationships from DNAm to trait or vice versa, indicating a more complex genotype-phenotype map than previously anticipated.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
DATE PUBLISHED
2021 Sep
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2020/10/13
accepted 2021/07/12
entrez 2021/09/08 06:49
pubmed 2021/09/09 06:00
medline 2021/09/09 06:00
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Min JL Min Josine L JL Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. josine.min@bristol.ac.uk.
Hemani G Hemani Gibran G Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Hannon E Hannon Eilis E University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Dekkers KF Dekkers Koen F KF Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Castillo-Fernandez J Castillo-Fernandez Juan J Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Luijk R Luijk René R Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Carnero-Montoro E Carnero-Montoro Elena E Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain.
Lawson DJ Lawson Daniel J DJ Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Burrows K Burrows Kimberley K Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Suderman M Suderman Matthew M Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Bretherick AD Bretherick Andrew D AD MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Richardson TG Richardson Tom G TG Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Klughammer J Klughammer Johanna J CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Iotchkova V Iotchkova Valentina V MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.
Sharp G Sharp Gemma G Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Al Khleifat A Al Khleifat Ahmad A Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
Shatunov A Shatunov Aleksey A Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
Iacoangeli A Iacoangeli Alfredo A Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK.
McArdle WL McArdle Wendy L WL Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Ho KM Ho Karen M KM Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Kumar A Kumar Ashish A University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Söderhäll C Söderhäll Cilla C Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Soriano-Tárraga C Soriano-Tárraga Carolina C Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
Giralt-Steinhauer E Giralt-Steinhauer Eva E Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
Kazmi N Kazmi Nabila N Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Mason D Mason Dan D Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK.
McRae AF McRae Allan F AF Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Corcoran DL Corcoran David L DL Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Sugden K Sugden Karen K Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Kasela S Kasela Silva S Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Cardona A Cardona Alexia A Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Day FR Day Felix R FR MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Cugliari G Cugliari Giovanni G Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.
Viberti C Viberti Clara C Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.
Guarrera S Guarrera Simonetta S Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.
Lerro M Lerro Michael M Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Gupta R Gupta Richa R Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Bollepalli S Bollepalli Sailalitha S Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mandaviya P Mandaviya Pooja P Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Zeng Y Zeng Yanni Y Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Clarke TK Clarke Toni-Kim TK Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Walker RM Walker Rosie M RM Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Schmoll V Schmoll Vanessa V Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Czamara D Czamara Darina D Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Ruiz-Arenas C Ruiz-Arenas Carlos C CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
Rezwan FI Rezwan Faisal I FI Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
Marioni RE Marioni Riccardo E RE Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Lin T Lin Tian T Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Awaloff Y Awaloff Yvonne Y Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Germain M Germain Marine M INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Aïssi D Aïssi Dylan D Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Zwamborn R Zwamborn Ramona R Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
van Eijk K van Eijk Kristel K Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Dekker A Dekker Annelot A Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
van Dongen J van Dongen Jenny J Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hottenga JJ Hottenga Jouke-Jan JJ Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Willemsen G Willemsen Gonneke G Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Xu CJ Xu Cheng-Jian CJ CiiM and TWINCORE, Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
Barturen G Barturen Guillermo G Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain.
Català-Moll F Català-Moll Francesc F Chromatin and Disease Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Kerick M Kerick Martin M Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
Wang C Wang Carol C School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
Melton P Melton Phillip P School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
Elliott HR Elliott Hannah R HR Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Shin J Shin Jean J The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Bernard M Bernard Manon M The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Yet I Yet Idil I Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Smart M Smart Melissa M Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Gorrie-Stone T Gorrie-Stone Tyler T School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
BIOS Consortium
Shaw C Shaw Chris C Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
Al Chalabi A Al Chalabi Ammar A United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
Ring SM Ring Susan M SM Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Pershagen G Pershagen Göran G Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Melén E Melén Erik E Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jiménez-Conde J Jiménez-Conde Jordi J Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
Roquer J Roquer Jaume J Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.
Lawlor DA Lawlor Deborah A DA Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Wright J Wright John J Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Montgomery GW Montgomery Grant W GW Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Moffitt TE Moffitt Terrie E TE Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Poulton R Poulton Richie R Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Esko T Esko Tõnu T Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Milani L Milani Lili L Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Metspalu A Metspalu Andres A Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Perry JRB Perry John R B JRB MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Ong KK Ong Ken K KK MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Wareham NJ Wareham Nicholas J NJ MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Matullo G Matullo Giuseppe G Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.
Sacerdote C Sacerdote Carlotta C Piemonte Centre for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy.
Panico S Panico Salvatore S Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Caspi A Caspi Avshalom A Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Arseneault L Arseneault Louise L Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Gagnon F Gagnon France F Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Ollikainen M Ollikainen Miina M Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kaprio J Kaprio Jaakko J Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Felix JF Felix Janine F JF Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Rivadeneira F Rivadeneira Fernando F Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Tiemeier H Tiemeier Henning H Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
van IJzendoorn MH van IJzendoorn Marinus H MH Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division on Psychology and Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Uitterlinden AG Uitterlinden André G AG Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Jaddoe VWV Jaddoe Vincent W V VWV Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Haley C Haley Chris C MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
McIntosh AM McIntosh Andrew M AM Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Evans KL Evans Kathryn L KL Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Murray A Murray Alison A Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Räikkönen K Räikkönen Katri K Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Lahti J Lahti Jari J Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Nohr EA Nohr Ellen A EA Centre of Women's, Family and Child Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
Sørensen TIA Sørensen Thorkild I A TIA Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hansen T Hansen Torben T The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Morgen CS Morgen Camilla S CS The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Binder EB Binder Elisabeth B EB Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lucae S Lucae Susanne S Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Gonzalez JR Gonzalez Juan Ramon JR CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
Bustamante M Bustamante Mariona M Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Sunyer J Sunyer Jordi J Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Holloway JW Holloway John W JW Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Karmaus W Karmaus Wilfried W Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
Zhang H Zhang Hongmei H Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
Deary IJ Deary Ian J IJ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Wray NR Wray Naomi R NR Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Starr JM Starr John M JM Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Beekman M Beekman Marian M Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
van Heemst D van Heemst Diana D Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Slagboom PE Slagboom P Eline PE Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Morange PE Morange Pierre-Emmanuel PE C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, Marseille, France.
Trégouët DA Trégouët David-Alexandre DA INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Veldink JH Veldink Jan H JH Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Davies GE Davies Gareth E GE Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
de Geus EJC de Geus Eco J C EJC Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Boomsma DI Boomsma Dorret I DI Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Vonk JM Vonk Judith M JM University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Brunekreef B Brunekreef Bert B Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Koppelman GH Koppelman Gerard H GH University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Alarcón-Riquelme ME Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E ME Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Huang RC Huang Rae-Chi RC Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Pennell CE Pennell Craig E CE School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
van Meurs J van Meurs Joyce J Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Ikram MA Ikram M Arfan MA Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Hughes AD Hughes Alun D AD UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.
Tillin T Tillin Therese T UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.
Chaturvedi N Chaturvedi Nish N UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.
Pausova Z Pausova Zdenka Z The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Paus T Paus Tomas T Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Spector TD Spector Timothy D TD Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Kumari M Kumari Meena M Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Schalkwyk LC Schalkwyk Leonard C LC School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Visscher PM Visscher Peter M PM Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Davey Smith G Davey Smith George G Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Bock C Bock Christoph C Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Gaunt TR Gaunt Tom R TR Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Bell JT Bell Jordana T JT Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Heijmans BT Heijmans Bastiaan T BT Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mill J Mill Jonathan J University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Relton CL Relton Caroline L CL Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME: 53
ISSUE: 9
TITLE: Nature genetics
ISOABBREVIATION: Nat Genet
YEAR: 2021
MONTH: Sep
DAY:
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1546-1718
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Nat Genet
COUNTRY: United States
ISSNLINKING: 1061-4036
NLMUNIQUEID: 9216904
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
GRANTS
GRANTID AGENCY COUNTRY
529051021 ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development)
MR/R005176/1 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
208806/Z/17/Z Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
doc fellowship Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Austrian Academy of Sciences)
ES/N000404/1 RCUK | Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
MC_UU_00011/1 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
C18281/A191169 Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
MC_UU_00011/4 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
MC_UU_00011/5 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
BB/S020845/1 RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
MR/M008924/1 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
MR/K013807/1 RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
208806/Z/17/Z Royal Society
204979/Z/16/Z Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
208806/Z/17/Z Wellcome Trust United Kingdom
GENERAL NOTE
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