Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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34330890
TITLE
Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age.
ABSTRACT
Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap. We also meta-analyzed within subsets of the data, i.e., within rater, instrument and age. SNP-heritability for the overall meta-analysis (AGG ) was 3.31% (SE = 0.0038). We found no genome-wide significant SNPs for AGG . The gene-based analysis returned three significant genes: ST3GAL3 (P = 1.6E-06), PCDH7 (P = 2.0E-06), and IPO13 (P = 2.5E-06). All three genes have previously been associated with educational traits. Polygenic scores based on our GWAMA significantly predicted aggression in a holdout sample of children (variance explained = 0.44%) and in retrospectively assessed childhood aggression (variance explained = 0.20%). Genetic correlations (r ) among rater-specific assessment of AGG ranged from r  = 0.46 between self- and teacher-assessment to r  = 0.81 between mother- and teacher-assessment. We obtained moderate-to-strong r s with selected phenotypes from multiple domains, but hardly with any of the classical biomarkers thought to be associated with AGG. Significant genetic correlations were observed with most psychiatric and psychological traits (range [Formula: see text]: 0.19-1.00), except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aggression had a negative genetic correlation (r  = ~-0.5) with cognitive traits and age at first birth. Aggression was strongly genetically correlated with smoking phenotypes (range [Formula: see text]: 0.46-0.60). The genetic correlations between aggression and psychiatric disorders were weaker for teacher-reported AGG than for mother- and self-reported AGG. The current GWAMA of childhood aggression provides a powerful tool to interrogate the rater-specific genetic etiology of AGG.
© 2021. The Author(s).
DATE PUBLISHED
2021 07 30
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2020/05/24
accepted 2021/05/20
revised 2021/04/11
entrez 2021/07/31 06:32
pubmed 2021/08/01 06:00
medline 2021/08/05 06:00
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Ip HF Ip Hill F HF Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
van der Laan CM van der Laan Camiel M CM Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Krapohl EML Krapohl Eva M L EML Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Brikell I Brikell Isabell I Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sánchez-Mora C Sánchez-Mora Cristina C Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Nolte IM Nolte Ilja M IM Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
St Pourcain B St Pourcain Beate B Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bolhuis K Bolhuis Koen K Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Palviainen T Palviainen Teemu T Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Zafarmand H Zafarmand Hadi H Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Colodro-Conde L Colodro-Conde Lucía L QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Gordon S Gordon Scott S QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Zayats T Zayats Tetyana T Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Aliev F Aliev Fazil F Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
Jiang C Jiang Chang C Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Wang CA Wang Carol A CA Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Saunders G Saunders Gretchen G Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Karhunen V Karhunen Ville V Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Hammerschlag AR Hammerschlag Anke R AR Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Adkins DE Adkins Daniel E DE Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Border R Border Richard R Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Peterson RE Peterson Roseann E RE Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Prinz JA Prinz Joseph A JA Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Thiering E Thiering Elisabeth E Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Seppälä I Seppälä Ilkka I Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Vilor-Tejedor N Vilor-Tejedor Natàlia N Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation (FPM), Barcelona, Spain.
Ahluwalia TS Ahluwalia Tarunveer S TS Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
Day FR Day Felix R FR MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Hottenga JJ Hottenga Jouke-Jan JJ Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Allegrini AG Allegrini Andrea G AG Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Rimfeld K Rimfeld Kaili K Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Chen Q Chen Qi Q Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lu Y Lu Yi Y Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Martin J Martin Joanna J MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Soler Artigas M Soler Artigas María M Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rovira P Rovira Paula P Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Bosch R Bosch Rosa R Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Español G Español Gemma G Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
Ramos Quiroga JA Ramos Quiroga Josep Antoni JA Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Neumann A Neumann Alexander A Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Ensink J Ensink Judith J De Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Grasby K Grasby Katrina K QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Morosoli JJ Morosoli José J JJ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Tong X Tong Xiaoran X Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Marrington S Marrington Shelby S School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Middeldorp C Middeldorp Christel C Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Scott JG Scott James G JG Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Vinkhuyzen A Vinkhuyzen Anna A Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Shabalin AA Shabalin Andrey A AA Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Corley R Corley Robin R Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Evans LM Evans Luke M LM Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Sugden K Sugden Karen K Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Alemany S Alemany Silvia S CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
Sass L Sass Lærke L COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vinding R Vinding Rebecca R COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ruth K Ruth Kate K Genetics of Complex Traits, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Tyrrell J Tyrrell Jess J Genetics of Complex Traits, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Davies GE Davies Gareth E GE Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Ehli EA Ehli Erik A EA Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Hagenbeek FA Hagenbeek Fiona A FA Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
De Zeeuw E De Zeeuw Eveline E Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Van Beijsterveldt TCEM Van Beijsterveldt Toos C E M TCEM Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Larsson H Larsson Henrik H School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Snieder H Snieder Harold H Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Verhulst FC Verhulst Frank C FC Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Amin N Amin Najaf N Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Whipp AM Whipp Alyce M AM Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Korhonen T Korhonen Tellervo T Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Vuoksimaa E Vuoksimaa Eero E Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Rose RJ Rose Richard J RJ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Uitterlinden AG Uitterlinden André G AG Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Heath AC Heath Andrew C AC Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Madden P Madden Pamela P Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Haavik J Haavik Jan J Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Harris JR Harris Jennifer R JR Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Helgeland Ø Helgeland Øyvind Ø Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Johansson S Johansson Stefan S K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Knudsen GPS Knudsen Gun Peggy S GPS Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Njolstad PR Njolstad Pal Rasmus PR Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Lu Q Lu Qing Q Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Rodriguez A Rodriguez Alina A School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK.
Henders AK Henders Anjali K AK Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Mamun A Mamun Abdullah A Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Long Pocket, QLD, Australia.
Najman JM Najman Jackob M JM School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Brown S Brown Sandy S Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Hopfer C Hopfer Christian C University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Krauter K Krauter Kenneth K Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Reynolds C Reynolds Chandra C Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Smolen A Smolen Andrew A Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Stallings M Stallings Michael M Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Wadsworth S Wadsworth Sally S Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Wall TL Wall Tamara L TL Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Silberg JL Silberg Judy L JL Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Miller A Miller Allison A Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, and Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, New Zealand.
Keltikangas-Järvinen L Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa L Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hakulinen C Hakulinen Christian C Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Pulkki-Råback L Pulkki-Råback Laura L Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Havdahl A Havdahl Alexandra A Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Magnus P Magnus Per P Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Raitakari OT Raitakari Olli T OT Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Perry JRB Perry John R B JRB MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Llop S Llop Sabrina S Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Lopez-Espinosa MJ Lopez-Espinosa Maria-Jose MJ Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Bønnelykke K Bønnelykke Klaus K COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bisgaard H Bisgaard Hans H COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sunyer J Sunyer Jordi J IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
Lehtimäki T Lehtimäki Terho T Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Arseneault L Arseneault Louise L Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Standl M Standl Marie M Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Heinrich J Heinrich Joachim J Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Boden J Boden Joseph J Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, New Zealand.
Pearson J Pearson John J Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, New Zealand.
Horwood LJ Horwood L John LJ Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, New Zealand.
Kennedy M Kennedy Martin M Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, and Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Central City, New Zealand.
Poulton R Poulton Richie R Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eaves LJ Eaves Lindon J LJ Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Maes HH Maes Hermine H HH Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Hewitt J Hewitt John J Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Copeland WE Copeland William E WE Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Costello EJ Costello Elizabeth J EJ Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, UK.
Williams GM Williams Gail M GM School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Wray N Wray Naomi N Queensland Brain Institute, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Järvelin MR Järvelin Marjo-Riitta MR Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
McGue M McGue Matt M Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Iacono W Iacono William W Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Caspi A Caspi Avshalom A Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Moffitt TE Moffitt Terrie E TE Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Whitehouse A Whitehouse Andrew A Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Pennell CE Pennell Craig E CE Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Klump KL Klump Kelly L KL Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Burt SA Burt S Alexandra SA Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Dick DM Dick Danielle M DM College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Reichborn-Kjennerud T Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted T Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Medland SE Medland Sarah E SE QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Vrijkotte T Vrijkotte Tanja T Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kaprio J Kaprio Jaakko J Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tiemeier H Tiemeier Henning H Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Davey Smith G Davey Smith George G Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Hartman CA Hartman Catharina A CA Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Oldehinkel AJ Oldehinkel Albertine J AJ Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Casas M Casas Miquel M Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Ribasés M Ribasés Marta M Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lichtenstein P Lichtenstein Paul P Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lundström S Lundström Sebastian S Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Plomin R Plomin Robert R Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Bartels M Bartels Meike M Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.bartels@vu.nl.
Nivard MG Nivard Michel G MG Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.g.nivard@vu.nl.
Boomsma DI Boomsma Dorret I DI Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. di.boomsma@vu.nl.
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME: 11
ISSUE: 1
TITLE: Translational psychiatry
ISOABBREVIATION: Transl Psychiatry
YEAR: 2021
MONTH: 07
DAY: 30
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 2158-3188
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Transl Psychiatry
COUNTRY: United States
ISSNLINKING: 2158-3188
NLMUNIQUEID: 101562664
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
GRANTS
GENERAL NOTE
KEYWORDS
MESH HEADINGS
DESCRIPTORNAME QUALIFIERNAME
Adolescent
Aggression
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Genetic Association Studies
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Infant
Mental Disorders
Retrospective Studies
SUPPLEMENTARY MESH
GENE SYMBOLS
CHEMICALS
OTHER ID's
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