|
|
| PMID |
|
|
| TITLE |
|
| A Comparison of Ten Polygenic Score Methods for Psychiatric Disorders Applied Across Multiple Cohorts. |
|
| ABSTRACT |
|
| BACKGROUND |
NlmCategory: BACKGROUND |
| Polygenic scores (PGSs), which assess the genetic risk of individuals for a disease, are calculated as a weighted count of risk alleles identified in genome-wide association studies. PGS methods differ in which DNA variants are included and the weights assigned to them; some require an independent tuning sample to help inform these choices. PGSs are evaluated in independent target cohorts with known disease status. Variability between target cohorts is observed in applications to real data sets, which could reflect a number of factors, e.g., phenotype definition or technical factors. |
| METHODS |
NlmCategory: METHODS |
| Polygenic scores (PGSs), which assess the genetic risk of individuals for a disease, are calculated as a weighted count of risk alleles identified in genome-wide association studies. PGS methods differ in which DNA variants are included and the weights assigned to them; some require an independent tuning sample to help inform these choices. PGSs are evaluated in independent target cohorts with known disease status. Variability between target cohorts is observed in applications to real data sets, which could reflect a number of factors, e.g., phenotype definition or technical factors. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Working Groups for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder bring together many independently collected case-control cohorts. We used these resources (31,328 schizophrenia cases, 41,191 controls; 248,750 major depressive disorder cases, 563,184 controls) in repeated application of leave-one-cohort-out meta-analyses, each used to calculate and evaluate PGS in the left-out (target) cohort. Ten PGS methods (the baseline PC+T method and 9 methods that model genetic architecture more formally: SBLUP, LDpred2-Inf, LDpred-funct, LDpred2, Lassosum, PRS-CS, PRS-CS-auto, SBayesR, MegaPRS) were compared. |
| RESULTS |
NlmCategory: RESULTS |
| Polygenic scores (PGSs), which assess the genetic risk of individuals for a disease, are calculated as a weighted count of risk alleles identified in genome-wide association studies. PGS methods differ in which DNA variants are included and the weights assigned to them; some require an independent tuning sample to help inform these choices. PGSs are evaluated in independent target cohorts with known disease status. Variability between target cohorts is observed in applications to real data sets, which could reflect a number of factors, e.g., phenotype definition or technical factors. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Working Groups for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder bring together many independently collected case-control cohorts. We used these resources (31,328 schizophrenia cases, 41,191 controls; 248,750 major depressive disorder cases, 563,184 controls) in repeated application of leave-one-cohort-out meta-analyses, each used to calculate and evaluate PGS in the left-out (target) cohort. Ten PGS methods (the baseline PC+T method and 9 methods that model genetic architecture more formally: SBLUP, LDpred2-Inf, LDpred-funct, LDpred2, Lassosum, PRS-CS, PRS-CS-auto, SBayesR, MegaPRS) were compared. Compared with PC+T, the other 9 methods gave higher prediction statistics, MegaPRS, LDPred2, and SBayesR significantly so, explaining up to 9.2% variance in liability for schizophrenia across 30 target cohorts, an increase of 44%. For major depressive disorder across 26 target cohorts, these statistics were 3.5% and 59%, respectively. |
| CONCLUSIONS |
NlmCategory: CONCLUSIONS |
| Polygenic scores (PGSs), which assess the genetic risk of individuals for a disease, are calculated as a weighted count of risk alleles identified in genome-wide association studies. PGS methods differ in which DNA variants are included and the weights assigned to them; some require an independent tuning sample to help inform these choices. PGSs are evaluated in independent target cohorts with known disease status. Variability between target cohorts is observed in applications to real data sets, which could reflect a number of factors, e.g., phenotype definition or technical factors. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Working Groups for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder bring together many independently collected case-control cohorts. We used these resources (31,328 schizophrenia cases, 41,191 controls; 248,750 major depressive disorder cases, 563,184 controls) in repeated application of leave-one-cohort-out meta-analyses, each used to calculate and evaluate PGS in the left-out (target) cohort. Ten PGS methods (the baseline PC+T method and 9 methods that model genetic architecture more formally: SBLUP, LDpred2-Inf, LDpred-funct, LDpred2, Lassosum, PRS-CS, PRS-CS-auto, SBayesR, MegaPRS) were compared. Compared with PC+T, the other 9 methods gave higher prediction statistics, MegaPRS, LDPred2, and SBayesR significantly so, explaining up to 9.2% variance in liability for schizophrenia across 30 target cohorts, an increase of 44%. For major depressive disorder across 26 target cohorts, these statistics were 3.5% and 59%, respectively. Although the methods that more formally model genetic architecture have similar performance, MegaPRS, LDpred2, and SBayesR rank highest in most comparisons and are recommended in applications to psychiatric disorders. |
| Copyright © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
|
| DATE PUBLISHED |
|
|
| HISTORY |
|
| PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
| received |
2020/09/15 |
| revised |
2021/04/26 |
| accepted |
2021/04/26 |
| entrez |
2021/07/26 05:32 |
| pubmed |
2021/07/27 06:00 |
| medline |
2021/07/27 06:00 |
|
| AUTHORS |
|
| NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
| Ni G |
|
Ni |
Guiyan |
G |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Zeng J |
|
Zeng |
Jian |
J |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Revez JA |
|
Revez |
Joana A |
JA |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Wang Y |
|
Wang |
Ying |
Y |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Zheng Z |
|
Zheng |
Zhili |
Z |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Ge T |
|
Ge |
Tian |
T |
|
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. |
| Restuadi R |
|
Restuadi |
Restuadi |
R |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Kiewa J |
|
Kiewa |
Jacqueline |
J |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Nyholt DR |
|
Nyholt |
Dale R |
DR |
|
Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Coleman JRI |
|
Coleman |
Jonathan R I |
JRI |
|
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. |
| Smoller JW |
|
Smoller |
Jordan W |
JW |
|
Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. |
|
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium |
|
|
|
|
|
| Yang J |
|
Yang |
Jian |
J |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. |
| Visscher PM |
|
Visscher |
Peter M |
PM |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
| Wray NR |
|
Wray |
Naomi R |
NR |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: naomi.wray@uq.edu.au. |
|
| INVESTIGATORS |
|
| LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
| Ripke |
Stephan |
S |
|
| Neale |
Benjamin M |
BM |
|
| Corvin |
Aiden |
A |
|
| Walters |
James T R |
JTR |
|
| Farh |
Kai-How |
KH |
|
| Holmans |
Peter A |
PA |
|
| Lee |
Phil |
P |
|
| Bulik-Sullivan |
Brendan |
B |
|
| Collier |
David A |
DA |
|
| Huang |
Hailiang |
H |
|
| Pers |
Tune H |
TH |
|
| Agartz |
Ingrid |
I |
|
| Agerbo |
Esben |
E |
|
| Albus |
Margot |
M |
|
| Alexander |
Madeline |
M |
|
| Amin |
Farooq |
F |
|
| Bacanu |
Silviu A |
SA |
|
| Begemann |
Martin |
M |
|
| Belliveau |
Richard A |
RA |
|
| Bene |
Judit |
J |
|
| Bergen |
Sarah E |
SE |
|
| Bevilacqua |
Elizabeth |
E |
|
| Bigdeli |
Tim B |
TB |
|
| Black |
Donald W |
DW |
|
| Bruggeman |
Richard |
R |
|
| Buccola |
Nancy G |
NG |
|
| Buckner |
Randy L |
RL |
|
| Byerley |
William |
W |
|
| Cahn |
Wiepke |
W |
|
| Cai |
Guiqing |
G |
|
| Campion |
Dominique |
D |
|
| Cantor |
Rita M |
RM |
|
| Carr |
Vaughan J |
VJ |
|
| Carrera |
Noa |
N |
|
| Catts |
Stanley V |
SV |
|
| Chambert |
Kimberley D |
KD |
|
| Chan |
Raymond C K |
RCK |
|
| Chen |
Ronald Y L |
RYL |
|
| Chen |
Eric Y H |
EYH |
|
| Cheng |
Wei |
W |
|
| Cheung |
Eric F C |
EFC |
|
| Chong |
Siow Ann |
SA |
|
| Cloninger |
C Robert |
CR |
|
| Cohen |
David |
D |
|
| Cohen |
Nadine |
N |
|
| Cormican |
Paul |
P |
|
| Craddock |
Nick |
N |
|
| Crowley |
James J |
JJ |
|
| Davidson |
Michael |
M |
|
| Davis |
Kenneth L |
KL |
|
| Degenhardt |
Franziska |
F |
|
| Del Favero |
Jurgen |
J |
|
| Demontis |
Ditte |
D |
|
| Dikeos |
Dimitris |
D |
|
| Dinan |
Timothy |
T |
|
| Djurovic |
Srdjan |
S |
|
| Donohoe |
Gary |
G |
|
| Drapeau |
Elodie |
E |
|
| Duan |
Jubao |
J |
|
| Dudbridge |
Frank |
F |
|
| Durmishi |
Naser |
N |
|
| Eichhammer |
Peter |
P |
|
| Eriksson |
Johan |
J |
|
| Escott-Price |
Valentina |
V |
|
| Essioux |
Laurent |
L |
|
| Fanous |
Ayman H |
AH |
|
| Farrell |
Martilias S |
MS |
|
| Frank |
Josef |
J |
|
| Franke |
Lude |
L |
|
| Freedman |
Robert |
R |
|
| Freimer |
Nelson B |
NB |
|
| Friedl |
Marion |
M |
|
| Friedman |
Joseph I |
JI |
|
| Fromer |
Menachem |
M |
|
| Genovese |
Giulio |
G |
|
| Georgieva |
Lyudmila |
L |
|
| Giegling |
Ina |
I |
|
| Giusti-Rodríguez |
Paola |
P |
|
| Godard |
Stephanie |
S |
|
| Goldstein |
Jacqueline I |
JI |
|
| Golimbet |
Vera |
V |
|
| Gopal |
Srihari |
S |
|
| Gratten |
Jacob |
J |
|
| de Haan |
Lieuwe |
L |
|
| Hammer |
Christian |
C |
|
| Hamshere |
Marian L |
ML |
|
| Hansen |
Mark |
M |
|
| Hansen |
Thomas |
T |
|
| Haroutunian |
Vahram |
V |
|
| Hartmann |
Annette M |
AM |
|
| Henskens |
Frans A |
FA |
|
| Herms |
Stefan |
S |
|
| Hirschhorn |
Joel N |
JN |
|
| Hoffmann |
Per |
P |
|
| Hofman |
Andrea |
A |
|
| Hollegaard |
Mads V |
MV |
|
| Hougaard |
David M |
DM |
|
| Ikeda |
Masashi |
M |
|
| Joa |
Inge |
I |
|
| Julià |
Antonio |
A |
|
| Kahn |
René S |
RS |
|
| Kalaydjieva |
Luba |
L |
|
| Karachanak-Yankova |
Sena |
S |
|
| Karjalainen |
Juha |
J |
|
| Kavanagh |
David |
D |
|
| Keller |
Matthew C |
MC |
|
| Kennedy |
James L |
JL |
|
| Khrunin |
Andrey |
A |
|
| Kim |
Yunjung |
Y |
|
| Klovins |
Janis |
J |
|
| Knowles |
James A |
JA |
|
| Konte |
Bettina |
B |
|
| Kucinskas |
Vaidutis |
V |
|
| Kucinskiene |
Zita Ausrele |
ZA |
|
| Kuzelova-Ptackova |
Hana |
H |
|
| Kähler |
Anna K |
AK |
|
| Laurent |
Claudine |
C |
|
| Lee |
Jimmy |
J |
|
| Lee |
S Hong |
SH |
|
| Legge |
Sophie E |
SE |
|
| Lerer |
Bernard |
B |
|
| Li |
Miaoxin |
M |
|
| Li |
Tao |
T |
|
| Liang |
Kung-Yee |
KY |
|
| Lieberman |
Jeffrey |
J |
|
| Limborska |
Svetlana |
S |
|
| Loughland |
Carmel M |
CM |
|
| Lubinski |
Jan |
J |
|
| Lönnqvist |
Jouko |
J |
|
| Macek |
Milan |
M |
|
| Magnusson |
Patrik K E |
PKE |
|
| Maher |
Brion S |
BS |
|
| Maier |
Wolfgang |
W |
|
| Mallet |
Jacques |
J |
|
| Marsal |
Sara |
S |
|
| Mattheisen |
Manuel |
M |
|
| Mattingsdal |
Morten |
M |
|
| McCarley |
Robert W |
RW |
|
| McDonald |
Colm |
C |
|
| McIntosh |
Andrew M |
AM |
|
| Meier |
Sandra |
S |
|
| Meijer |
Carin J |
CJ |
|
| Melegh |
Bela |
B |
|
| Melle |
Ingrid |
I |
|
| Mesholam-Gately |
Raquelle I |
RI |
|
| Metspalu |
Andres |
A |
|
| Michie |
Patricia T |
PT |
|
| Milani |
Lili |
L |
|
| Milanova |
Vihra |
V |
|
| Mokrab |
Younes |
Y |
|
| Morris |
Derek W |
DW |
|
| Mors |
Ole |
O |
|
| Murphy |
Kieran C |
KC |
|
| Murray |
Robin M |
RM |
|
| Myin-Germeys |
Inez |
I |
|
| Müller-Myhsok |
Bertram |
B |
|
| Nelis |
Mari |
M |
|
| Nenadic |
Igor |
I |
|
| Nertney |
Deborah A |
DA |
|
| Nestadt |
Gerald |
G |
|
| Nicodemus |
Kristin K |
KK |
|
| Nikitina-Zake |
Liene |
L |
|
| Nisenbaum |
Laura |
L |
|
| Nordin |
Annelie |
A |
|
| O'Callaghan |
Eadbhard |
E |
|
| O'Dushlaine |
Colm |
C |
|
| O'Neill |
F Anthony |
FA |
|
| Oh |
Sang-Yun |
SY |
|
| Olincy |
Ann |
A |
|
| Olsen |
Line |
L |
|
| Van Os |
Jim |
J |
|
| International Consortium |
Psychosis Endophenotypes |
PE |
|
| Pantelis |
Christos |
C |
|
| Papadimitriou |
George N |
GN |
|
| Papiol |
Sergi |
S |
|
| Parkhomenko |
Elena |
E |
|
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Michele T |
MT |
|
| Paunio |
Tiina |
T |
|
| Pejovic-Milovancevic |
Milica |
M |
|
| Perkins |
Diana O |
DO |
|
| Pietiläinen |
Olli |
O |
|
| Pimm |
Jonathan |
J |
|
| Pocklington |
Andrew J |
AJ |
|
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John |
J |
|
| Price |
Alkes |
A |
|
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Ann E |
AE |
|
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Shaun M |
SM |
|
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Digby |
D |
|
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Henrik B |
HB |
|
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Abraham |
A |
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Mark A |
MA |
|
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Alexander L |
AL |
|
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Joshua L |
JL |
|
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Panos |
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Douglas M |
DM |
|
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Veikko |
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Alan R |
AR |
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Christian R |
CR |
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Thomas G |
TG |
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Sibylle G |
SG |
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Edward M |
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Rodney J |
RJ |
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Larry J |
LJ |
|
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Jianxin |
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|
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Engilbert |
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Teimuraz |
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Jeremy M |
JM |
|
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Kang |
K |
|
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Petr |
P |
|
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Jordan W |
JW |
|
| So |
Hon-Cheong |
HC |
|
| Spencer |
Chris C A |
CCA |
|
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Eli A |
EA |
|
| Stefansson |
Hreinn |
H |
|
| Steinberg |
Stacy |
S |
|
| Stogmann |
Elisabeth |
E |
|
| Straub |
Richard E |
RE |
|
| Strengman |
Eric |
E |
|
| Strohmaier |
Jana |
J |
|
| Stroup |
T Scott |
TS |
|
| Subramaniam |
Mythily |
M |
|
| Suvisaari |
Jaana |
J |
|
| Svrakic |
Dragan M |
DM |
|
| Szatkiewicz |
Jin P |
JP |
|
| Söderman |
Erik |
E |
|
| Thirumalai |
Srinivas |
S |
|
| Toncheva |
Draga |
D |
|
| Tosato |
Sarah |
S |
|
| Veijola |
Juha |
J |
|
| Waddington |
John |
J |
|
| Walsh |
Dermot |
D |
|
| Wang |
Dai |
D |
|
| Wang |
Qiang |
Q |
|
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Bradley T |
BT |
|
| Weiser |
Mark |
M |
|
| Wildenauer |
Dieter B |
DB |
|
| Williams |
Nigel M |
NM |
|
| Williams |
Stephanie |
S |
|
| Witt |
Stephanie H |
SH |
|
| Wolen |
Aaron R |
AR |
|
| Wong |
Emily H M |
EHM |
|
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Brandon K |
BK |
|
| Xi |
Hualin Simon |
HS |
|
| Zai |
Clement C |
CC |
|
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Xuebin |
X |
|
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Fritz |
F |
|
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Naomi R |
NR |
|
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Kari |
K |
|
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Peter M |
PM |
|
| Case-Control Consortium |
Wellcome Trust |
WT |
|
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Rolf |
R |
|
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Ole A |
OA |
|
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Douglas H R |
DHR |
|
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Elvira |
E |
|
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Joseph D |
JD |
|
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Anders D |
AD |
|
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Sven |
S |
|
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Ariel |
A |
|
| Domenici |
Enrico |
E |
|
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Hannelore |
H |
|
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Tõnu |
T |
|
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Pablo V |
PV |
|
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Michael |
M |
|
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Hugh |
H |
|
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Christina M |
CM |
|
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Nakao |
N |
|
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Assen V |
AV |
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Erik G |
EG |
|
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Kenneth S |
KS |
|
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George |
G |
|
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Jo |
J |
|
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Todd |
T |
|
| Levinson |
Douglas F |
DF |
|
| Li |
Qingqin S |
QS |
|
| Liu |
Jianjun |
J |
|
| Malhotra |
Anil K |
AK |
|
| McCarroll |
Steven A |
SA |
|
| McQuillin |
Andrew |
A |
|
| Moran |
Jennifer L |
JL |
|
| Mortensen |
Preben B |
PB |
|
| Mowry |
Bryan J |
BJ |
|
| Nöthen |
Markus M |
MM |
|
| Ophoff |
Roel A |
RA |
|
| Owen |
Michael J |
MJ |
|
| Palotie |
Aarno |
A |
|
| Pato |
Carlos N |
CN |
|
| Petryshen |
Tracey L |
TL |
|
| Posthuma |
Danielle |
D |
|
| Rietschel |
Marcella |
M |
|
| Riley |
Brien P |
BP |
|
| Rujescu |
Dan |
D |
|
| Sham |
Pak C |
PC |
|
| Sklar |
Pamela |
P |
|
| St Clair |
David |
D |
|
| Weinberger |
Daniel R |
DR |
|
| Wendland |
Jens R |
JR |
|
| Werge |
Thomas |
T |
|
| Daly |
Mark J |
MJ |
|
| Sullivan |
Patrick F |
PF |
|
| O'Donovan |
Michael C |
MC |
|
| Wray |
Naomi R |
NR |
|
| Ripke |
Stephan |
S |
|
| Mattheisen |
Manuel |
M |
|
| Trzaskowski |
Maciej |
M |
|
| Byrne |
Enda M |
EM |
|
| Abdellaoui |
Abdel |
A |
|
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Mark J |
MJ |
|
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Esben |
E |
|
| Air |
Tracy M |
TM |
|
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Till F M |
TFM |
|
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Silviu-Alin |
SA |
|
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Marie |
M |
|
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Aartjan T F |
ATF |
|
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Tim B |
TB |
|
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Elisabeth B |
EB |
|
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Julien |
J |
|
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Henriette N |
HN |
|
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Jonas |
J |
|
| Cai |
Na |
N |
|
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Enrique |
E |
|
| Christensen |
Jane Hvarregaard |
JH |
|
| Clarke |
Toni-Kim |
TK |
|
| Coleman |
Jonathan R I |
JRI |
|
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Lucía |
L |
|
| Couvy-Duchesne |
Baptiste |
B |
|
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Nick |
N |
|
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Gregory E |
GE |
|
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Gail |
G |
|
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Ian J |
IJ |
|
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Franziska |
F |
|
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Eske M |
EM |
|
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Nese |
N |
|
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Conor V |
CV |
|
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Erin C |
EC |
|
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Thalia C |
TC |
|
| Escott-Price |
Valentina |
V |
|
| Hassan Kiadeh |
Farnush Farhadi |
FF |
|
| Finucane |
Hilary K |
HK |
|
| Foo |
Jerome C |
JC |
|
| Forstner |
Andreas J |
AJ |
|
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Josef |
J |
|
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Héléna A |
HA |
|
| Gill |
Michael |
M |
|
| Goes |
Fernando S |
FS |
|
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Scott D |
SD |
|
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Jakob |
J |
|
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Lynsey S |
LS |
|
| Hansen |
Christine Søholm |
CS |
|
| Hansen |
Thomas F |
TF |
|
| Herms |
Stefan |
S |
|
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Ian B |
IB |
|
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Per |
P |
|
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Georg |
G |
|
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Carsten |
C |
|
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Jouke-Jan |
JJ |
|
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David M |
DM |
|
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David M |
DM |
|
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Marcus |
M |
|
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Rick |
R |
|
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Ian |
I |
|
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Lisa A |
LA |
|
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Eric |
E |
|
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James A |
JA |
|
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Isaac S |
IS |
|
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Julia |
J |
|
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Warren W |
WW |
|
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Zoltán |
Z |
|
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Yihan |
Y |
|
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Penelope A |
PA |
|
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Donald J |
DJ |
|
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Dean F |
DF |
|
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Robert M |
RM |
|
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Wolfgang |
W |
|
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Jonathan |
J |
|
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Hamdi |
H |
|
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Patrick |
P |
|
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Peter |
P |
|
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Sarah E |
SE |
|
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Divya |
D |
|
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Christel M |
CM |
|
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Evelin |
E |
|
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Yuri |
Y |
|
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Lili |
L |
|
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Francis M |
FM |
|
| Montgomery |
Grant W |
GW |
|
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Sara |
S |
|
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Niamh |
N |
|
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Matthias |
M |
|
| Ng |
Bernard |
B |
|
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Michel G |
MG |
|
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Dale R |
DR |
|
| O'Reilly |
Paul F |
PF |
|
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Hogni |
H |
|
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Michael J |
MJ |
|
| Painter |
Jodie N |
JN |
|
| Pedersen |
Carsten Bøcker |
CB |
|
| Pedersen |
Marianne Giørtz |
MG |
|
| Peterson |
Roseann E |
RE |
|
| Peyrot |
Wouter J |
WJ |
|
| Pistis |
Giorgio |
G |
|
| Posthuma |
Danielle |
D |
|
| Quiroz |
Jorge A |
JA |
|
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Per |
P |
|
| Rice |
John P |
JP |
|
| Riley |
Brien P |
BP |
|
| Rivera |
Margarita |
M |
|
| Mirza |
Saira Saeed |
SS |
|
| Schoevers |
Robert |
R |
|
| Schulte |
Eva C |
EC |
|
| Shen |
Ling |
L |
|
| Shi |
Jianxin |
J |
|
| Shyn |
Stanley I |
SI |
|
| Sigurdsson |
Engilbert |
E |
|
| Sinnamon |
Grant C B |
GCB |
|
| Smit |
Johannes H |
JH |
|
| Smith |
Daniel J |
DJ |
|
| Stefansson |
Hreinn |
H |
|
| Steinberg |
Stacy |
S |
|
| Streit |
Fabian |
F |
|
| Strohmaier |
Jana |
J |
|
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Katherine E |
KE |
|
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Henning |
H |
|
| Teumer |
Alexander |
A |
|
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Wesley |
W |
|
| Thomson |
Pippa A |
PA |
|
| Thorgeirsson |
Thorgeir E |
TE |
|
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Matthew |
M |
|
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Jens |
J |
|
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Vassily |
V |
|
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André G |
AG |
|
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Daniel |
D |
|
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Sandra |
S |
|
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AM |
|
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Alexander |
A |
|
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Peter M |
PM |
|
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Yunpeng |
Y |
|
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Bradley T |
BT |
|
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Shantel Marie |
SM |
|
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Jürgen |
J |
|
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Gonneke |
G |
|
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Stephanie H |
SH |
|
| Wu |
Yang |
Y |
|
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Hualin S |
HS |
|
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Jian |
J |
|
| Zhang |
Futao |
F |
|
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Volker |
V |
|
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Bernhard T |
BT |
|
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Klaus |
K |
|
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Dorret I |
DI |
|
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Sven |
S |
|
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Udo |
U |
|
| de Geus |
E J C |
EJC |
|
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J Raymond |
JR |
|
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Enrico |
E |
|
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Katharina |
K |
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Tõnu |
T |
|
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Hans J |
HJ |
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Steven P |
SP |
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Caroline |
C |
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| Heath |
Andrew C |
AC |
|
| Kendler |
Kenneth S |
KS |
|
| Kloiber |
Stefan |
S |
|
| Lewis |
Glyn |
G |
|
| Li |
Qingqin S |
QS |
|
| Lucae |
Susanne |
S |
|
| Madden |
Pamela A F |
PAF |
|
| Magnusson |
Patrik K |
PK |
|
| Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
|
| McIntosh |
Andrew M |
AM |
|
| Metspalu |
Andres |
A |
|
| Mors |
Ole |
O |
|
| Mortensen |
Preben Bo |
PB |
|
| Müller-Myhsok |
Bertram |
B |
|
| Nordentoft |
Merete |
M |
|
| Nöthen |
Markus M |
MM |
|
| O'Donovan |
Michael C |
MC |
|
| Paciga |
Sara A |
SA |
|
| Pedersen |
Nancy L |
NL |
|
|
| JOURNAL |
|
| VOLUME: |
| ISSUE: |
| TITLE: Biological psychiatry |
| ISOABBREVIATION: Biol Psychiatry |
| YEAR: 2021 |
| MONTH: May |
| DAY: 04 |
| MEDLINEDATE: |
| SEASON: |
| CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
| ISSN: 1873-2402 |
| ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
|
| MEDLINE JOURNAL |
|
| MEDLINETA: Biol Psychiatry |
| COUNTRY: United States |
| ISSNLINKING: 0006-3223 |
| NLMUNIQUEID: 0213264 |
|
| PUBLICATION TYPE |
|
| PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
| Journal Article |
|
| COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
|
|
| GRANTS |
|
|
| GENERAL NOTE |
|
|
| KEYWORDS |
|
| KEYWORD |
| LDpred2 |
| Lassosum |
| Major depressive disorder |
| MegaPRS |
| PRS-CS |
| Polygenic scores |
| Psychiatric disorders |
| Risk prediction |
| SBayesR |
| Schizophrenia |
|
| MESH HEADINGS |
|
|
| SUPPLEMENTARY MESH |
|
|
| GENE SYMBOLS |
|
|
| CHEMICALS |
|
|
| OTHER ID's |
|
|
|
