|
|
| PMID |
|
|
| TITLE |
|
| A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder. |
|
| ABSTRACT |
|
| BACKGROUND |
NlmCategory: BACKGROUND |
| Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. |
| METHODS |
NlmCategory: METHODS |
| Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. |
| FINDINGS |
NlmCategory: RESULTS |
| Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10 ) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10 ). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (r 0·50, p=1·50 × 10 ), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. |
| INTERPRETATION |
NlmCategory: CONCLUSIONS |
| Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10 ) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10 ). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (r 0·50, p=1·50 × 10 ), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. These findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. |
| FUNDING |
NlmCategory: BACKGROUND |
| Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10 ) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10 ). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (r 0·50, p=1·50 × 10 ), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. These findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences. |
| Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. |
|
| DATE PUBLISHED |
|
|
| HISTORY |
|
| PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
| received |
2020/05/18 |
| revised |
2020/07/15 |
| accepted |
2020/07/16 |
| entrez |
2020/10/23 20:10 |
| pubmed |
2020/10/24 06:00 |
| medline |
2020/10/24 06:00 |
|
| AUTHORS |
|
| NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
| Johnson EC |
|
Johnson |
Emma C |
EC |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: emma.c.johnson@wustl.edu. |
| Demontis D |
|
Demontis |
Ditte |
D |
|
Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark. |
| Thorgeirsson TE |
|
Thorgeirsson |
Thorgeir E |
TE |
|
CNS Department, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Walters RK |
|
Walters |
Raymond K |
RK |
|
Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
| Polimanti R |
|
Polimanti |
Renato |
R |
|
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. |
| Hatoum AS |
|
Hatoum |
Alexander S |
AS |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Sanchez-Roige S |
|
Sanchez-Roige |
Sandra |
S |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. |
| Paul SE |
|
Paul |
Sarah E |
SE |
|
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
| Wendt FR |
|
Wendt |
Frank R |
FR |
|
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. |
| Clarke TK |
|
Clarke |
Toni-Kim |
TK |
|
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. |
| Lai D |
|
Lai |
Dongbing |
D |
|
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| Reginsson GW |
|
Reginsson |
Gunnar W |
GW |
|
CNS Department, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Zhou H |
|
Zhou |
Hang |
H |
|
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. |
| He J |
|
He |
June |
J |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Baranger DAA |
|
Baranger |
David A A |
DAA |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. |
| Gudbjartsson DF |
|
Gudbjartsson |
Daniel F |
DF |
|
Statistics Department, Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iceland University, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Wedow R |
|
Wedow |
Robbee |
R |
|
Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
| Adkins DE |
|
Adkins |
Daniel E |
DE |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Adkins AE |
|
Adkins |
Amy E |
AE |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Alexander J |
|
Alexander |
Jeffry |
J |
|
Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Bacanu SA |
|
Bacanu |
Silviu-Alin |
SA |
|
Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Bigdeli TB |
|
Bigdeli |
Tim B |
TB |
|
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA. |
| Boden J |
|
Boden |
Joseph |
J |
|
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. |
| Brown SA |
|
Brown |
Sandra A |
SA |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychology and Office of Research Affairs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. |
| Bucholz KK |
|
Bucholz |
Kathleen K |
KK |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Bybjerg-Grauholm J |
|
Bybjerg-Grauholm |
Jonas |
J |
|
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Corley RP |
|
Corley |
Robin P |
RP |
|
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Degenhardt L |
|
Degenhardt |
Louisa |
L |
|
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. |
| Dick DM |
|
Dick |
Danielle M |
DM |
|
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Domingue BW |
|
Domingue |
Benjamin W |
BW |
|
Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. |
| Fox L |
|
Fox |
Louis |
L |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Goate AM |
|
Goate |
Alison M |
AM |
|
Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. |
| Gordon SD |
|
Gordon |
Scott D |
SD |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. |
| Hack LM |
|
Hack |
Laura M |
LM |
|
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. |
| Hancock DB |
|
Hancock |
Dana B |
DB |
|
GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. |
| Hartz SM |
|
Hartz |
Sarah M |
SM |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Hickie IB |
|
Hickie |
Ian B |
IB |
|
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. |
| Hougaard DM |
|
Hougaard |
David M |
DM |
|
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Krauter K |
|
Krauter |
Kenneth |
K |
|
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Lind PA |
|
Lind |
Penelope A |
PA |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. |
| McClintick JN |
|
McClintick |
Jeanette N |
JN |
|
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| McQueen MB |
|
McQueen |
Matthew B |
MB |
|
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Meyers JL |
|
Meyers |
Jacquelyn L |
JL |
|
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA. |
| Montgomery GW |
|
Montgomery |
Grant W |
GW |
|
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia. |
| Mors O |
|
Mors |
Ole |
O |
|
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. |
| Mortensen PB |
|
Mortensen |
Preben B |
PB |
|
National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark. |
| Nordentoft M |
|
Nordentoft |
Merete |
M |
|
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Pearson JF |
|
Pearson |
John F |
JF |
|
Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. |
| Peterson RE |
|
Peterson |
Roseann E |
RE |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Reynolds MD |
|
Reynolds |
Maureen D |
MD |
|
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. |
| Rice JP |
|
Rice |
John P |
JP |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Runarsdottir V |
|
Runarsdottir |
Valgerdur |
V |
|
SAA-National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Saccone NL |
|
Saccone |
Nancy L |
NL |
|
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Sherva R |
|
Sherva |
Richard |
R |
|
Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. |
| Silberg JL |
|
Silberg |
Judy L |
JL |
|
Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Tarter RE |
|
Tarter |
Ralph E |
RE |
|
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. |
| Tyrfingsson T |
|
Tyrfingsson |
Thorarinn |
T |
|
SAA-National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Wall TL |
|
Wall |
Tamara L |
TL |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. |
| Webb BT |
|
Webb |
Bradley T |
BT |
|
Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Werge T |
|
Werge |
Thomas |
T |
|
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. |
| Wetherill L |
|
Wetherill |
Leah |
L |
|
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| Wright MJ |
|
Wright |
Margaret J |
MJ |
|
Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia. |
| Zellers S |
|
Zellers |
Stephanie |
S |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
| Adams MJ |
|
Adams |
Mark J |
MJ |
|
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. |
| Bierut LJ |
|
Bierut |
Laura J |
LJ |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Boardman JD |
|
Boardman |
Jason D |
JD |
|
Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Copeland WE |
|
Copeland |
William E |
WE |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA. |
| Farrer LA |
|
Farrer |
Lindsay A |
LA |
|
Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. |
| Foroud TM |
|
Foroud |
Tatiana M |
TM |
|
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| Gillespie NA |
|
Gillespie |
Nathan A |
NA |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Grucza RA |
|
Grucza |
Richard A |
RA |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Harris KM |
|
Harris |
Kathleen Mullan |
KM |
|
Department of Sociology, and The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. |
| Heath AC |
|
Heath |
Andrew C |
AC |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Hesselbrock V |
|
Hesselbrock |
Victor |
V |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA. |
| Hewitt JK |
|
Hewitt |
John K |
JK |
|
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Hopfer CJ |
|
Hopfer |
Christian J |
CJ |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. |
| Horwood J |
|
Horwood |
John |
J |
|
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. |
| Iacono WG |
|
Iacono |
William G |
WG |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
| Johnson EO |
|
Johnson |
Eric O |
EO |
|
GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA. |
| Kendler KS |
|
Kendler |
Kenneth S |
KS |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Kennedy MA |
|
Kennedy |
Martin A |
MA |
|
Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. |
| Kranzler HR |
|
Kranzler |
Henry R |
HR |
|
Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA. |
| Madden PAF |
|
Madden |
Pamela A F |
PAF |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Maes HH |
|
Maes |
Hermine H |
HH |
|
Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Maher BS |
|
Maher |
Brion S |
BS |
|
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. |
| Martin NG |
|
Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. |
| McGue M |
|
McGue |
Matthew |
M |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
| McIntosh AM |
|
McIntosh |
Andrew M |
AM |
|
Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. |
| Medland SE |
|
Medland |
Sarah E |
SE |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. |
| Nelson EC |
|
Nelson |
Elliot C |
EC |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
| Porjesz B |
|
Porjesz |
Bernice |
B |
|
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA. |
| Riley BP |
|
Riley |
Brien P |
BP |
|
Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. |
| Stallings MC |
|
Stallings |
Michael C |
MC |
|
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
| Vanyukov MM |
|
Vanyukov |
Michael M |
MM |
|
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. |
| Vrieze S |
|
Vrieze |
Scott |
S |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
|
Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders Workgroup |
|
|
|
|
|
| Davis LK |
|
Davis |
Lea K |
LK |
|
Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. |
| Bogdan R |
|
Bogdan |
Ryan |
R |
|
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
| Gelernter J |
|
Gelernter |
Joel |
J |
|
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, and Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. |
| Edenberg HJ |
|
Edenberg |
Howard J |
HJ |
|
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| Stefansson K |
|
Stefansson |
Kari |
K |
|
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
| Børglum AD |
|
Børglum |
Anders D |
AD |
|
Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark. |
| Agrawal A |
|
Agrawal |
Arpana |
A |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. |
|
| INVESTIGATORS |
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| LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
| Walters |
Raymond |
R |
|
| Polimanti |
Renato |
R |
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| Johnson |
Emma |
E |
|
| McClintick |
Jeanette |
J |
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| Hatoum |
Alexander |
A |
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| He |
June |
J |
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| Wendt |
Frank |
F |
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| Zhou |
Hang |
H |
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| Adams |
Mark |
M |
|
| Adkins |
Amy |
A |
|
| Aliev |
Fazil |
F |
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| Bacanu |
Silviu-Alin |
SA |
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| Batzler |
Anthony |
A |
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| Bertelsen |
Sarah |
S |
|
| Biernacka |
Joanna |
J |
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| Bigdeli |
Tim |
T |
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| Chen |
Li-Shiun |
LS |
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| Clarke |
Toni-Kim |
TK |
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| Chou |
Yi-Ling |
YL |
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| Degenhardt |
Franziska |
F |
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| Docherty |
Anna |
A |
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| Edwards |
Alexis |
A |
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| Fontanillas |
Pierre |
P |
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| Foo |
Jerome |
J |
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| Fox |
Louis |
L |
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| Frank |
Josef |
J |
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| Giegling |
Ina |
I |
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| Gordon |
Scott |
S |
|
| Hack |
Laura |
L |
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| Hartmann |
Annette |
A |
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| Hartz |
Sarah |
S |
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| Heilmann-Heimbach |
Stefanie |
S |
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| Herms |
Stefan |
S |
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| Hodgkinson |
Colin |
C |
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| Hoffman |
Per |
P |
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| Hottenga |
Jouke |
J |
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| Kennedy |
Martin |
M |
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| Alanne-Kinnunen |
Mervi |
M |
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| Konte |
Bettina |
B |
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| Lahti |
Jari |
J |
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| Lahti-Pulkkinen |
Marius |
M |
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| Lai |
Dongbing |
D |
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| Ligthart |
Lannie |
L |
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| Loukola |
Anu |
A |
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| Maher |
Brion |
B |
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| Mbarek |
Hamdi |
H |
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| McIntosh |
Andrew |
A |
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| McQueen |
Matthew |
M |
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| Meyers |
Jacquelyn |
J |
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| Milaneschi |
Yuri |
Y |
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| Palviainen |
Teemu |
T |
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| Pearson |
John |
J |
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| Peterson |
Roseann |
R |
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| Ripatti |
Samuli |
S |
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| Ryu |
Euijung |
E |
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| Saccone |
Nancy |
N |
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| Salvatore |
Jessica |
J |
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| Sanchez-Roige |
Sandra |
S |
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| Schwandt |
Melanie |
M |
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| Sherva |
Richard |
R |
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| Streit |
Fabian |
F |
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| Strohmaier |
Jana |
J |
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| Thomas |
Nathaniel |
N |
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| Wang |
Jen-Chyong |
JC |
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| Webb |
Bradley |
B |
|
| Wedow |
Robbee |
R |
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| Wetherill |
Leah |
L |
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| Wills |
Amanda |
A |
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| Boardman |
Jason |
J |
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| Chen |
Danfeng |
D |
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| Choi |
Doo-Sup |
DS |
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| Copeland |
William |
W |
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| Culverhouse |
Robert |
R |
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| Dahmen |
Norbert |
N |
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| Degenhardt |
Louisa |
L |
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| Domingue |
Benjamin |
B |
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| Elson |
Sarah |
S |
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| Frye |
Mark |
M |
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| Gäbel |
Wolfgang |
W |
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| Hayward |
Caroline |
C |
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| Ising |
Marcus |
M |
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| Keyes |
Margaret |
M |
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| Kiefer |
Falk |
F |
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| Kramer |
John |
J |
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| Kuperman |
Samuel |
S |
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| Lucae |
Susanne |
S |
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| Lynskey |
Michael |
M |
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| Maier |
Wolfgang |
W |
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| Mann |
Karl |
K |
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| Männistö |
Satu |
S |
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| Müller-Myhsok |
Bertram |
B |
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| Murray |
Alison |
A |
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| Nurnberger |
John |
J |
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| Palotie |
Aarno |
A |
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| Preuss |
Ulrich |
U |
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| Räikkönen |
Katri |
K |
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| Reynolds |
Maureen |
M |
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| Ridinger |
Monika |
M |
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| Scherbaum |
Norbert |
N |
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| Schuckit |
Marc |
M |
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| Soyka |
Michael |
M |
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| Treutlein |
Jens |
J |
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| Witt |
Stephanie |
S |
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| Wodarz |
Norbert |
N |
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| Zill |
Peter |
P |
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| Adkins |
Daniel |
D |
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| Boden |
Joseph |
J |
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| Boomsma |
Dorret |
D |
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| Bierut |
Laura |
L |
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| Brown |
Sandra |
S |
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| Bucholz |
Kathleen |
K |
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| Cichon |
Sven |
S |
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| Costello |
E Jane |
EJ |
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| de Wit |
Harriet |
H |
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| Diazgranados |
Nancy |
N |
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| Dick |
Danielle |
D |
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| Eriksson |
Johan |
J |
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| Farrer |
Lindsay |
L |
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| Foroud |
Tatiana |
T |
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| Gillespie |
Nathan |
N |
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| Goate |
Alison |
A |
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| Goldman |
David |
D |
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| Grucza |
Richard |
R |
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| Hancock |
Dana |
D |
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| Harris |
Kathleen Mullan |
KM |
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| Heath |
Andrew |
A |
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| Hesselbrock |
Victor |
V |
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| Hewitt |
John |
J |
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| Hopfer |
Christian |
C |
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| Horwood |
John |
J |
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| Iacono |
William |
W |
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| Johnson |
Eric |
E |
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| Kaprio |
Jaakko |
J |
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| Karpyak |
Victor |
V |
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| Kendler |
Kenneth |
K |
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| Kranzler |
Henry |
H |
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| Krauter |
Kenneth |
K |
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| Lichtenstein |
Paul |
P |
|
| Lind |
Penelope |
P |
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| McGue |
Matt |
M |
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| MacKillop |
James |
J |
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| Madden |
Pamela |
P |
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| Maes |
Hermine |
H |
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| Magnusson |
Patrik |
P |
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| Martin |
Nicholas |
N |
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| Medland |
Sarah |
S |
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| Montgomery |
Grant |
G |
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| Nelson |
Elliot |
E |
|
| Nöthen |
Markus |
M |
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| Palmer |
Abraham |
A |
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| Pederson |
Nancy |
N |
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| Penninx |
Brenda |
B |
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| Porjesz |
Bernice |
B |
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| Rice |
John |
J |
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| Rietschel |
Marcella |
M |
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| Riley |
Brien |
B |
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| Rose |
Richard |
R |
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| Rujescu |
Dan |
D |
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| Shen |
Pei-Hong |
PH |
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| Silberg |
Judy |
J |
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| Stallings |
Michael |
M |
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| Tarter |
Ralph |
R |
|
| Vanyukov |
Michael |
M |
|
| Vrieze |
Scott |
S |
|
| Wall |
Tamara |
T |
|
| Whitfield |
John |
J |
|
| Zhao |
Hongyu |
H |
|
| Neale |
Benjamin |
B |
|
| Gelernter |
Joel |
J |
|
| Edenberg |
Howard |
H |
|
| Agrawal |
Arpana |
A |
|
|
| JOURNAL |
|
| VOLUME: |
| ISSUE: |
| TITLE: The lancet. Psychiatry |
| ISOABBREVIATION: Lancet Psychiatry |
| YEAR: 2020 |
| MONTH: Oct |
| DAY: 20 |
| MEDLINEDATE: |
| SEASON: |
| CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
| ISSN: 2215-0374 |
| ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
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| MEDLINE JOURNAL |
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| MEDLINETA: Lancet Psychiatry |
| COUNTRY: England |
| ISSNLINKING: 2215-0366 |
| NLMUNIQUEID: 101638123 |
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| PUBLICATION TYPE |
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| PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
| Journal Article |
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| COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
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| GRANTS |
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| GENERAL NOTE |
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| KEYWORDS |
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| MESH HEADINGS |
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| SUPPLEMENTARY MESH |
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| GENE SYMBOLS |
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| CHEMICALS |
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| OTHER ID's |
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