Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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PMID
32424236
TITLE
Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group.
ABSTRACT
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 samples worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen's d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.
DATE PUBLISHED
2020 May 18
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2019/10/10
accepted 2020/04/23
revised 2020/04/01
pubmed 2020/05/20 06:00
medline 2020/05/20 06:00
entrez 2020/05/20 06:00
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Han LKM Han Laura K M LKM Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.han@amsterdamumc.nl.
Dinga R Dinga Richard R Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Hahn T Hahn Tim T Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Ching CRK Ching Christopher R K CRK Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eyler LT Eyler Lisa T LT Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Aftanas L Aftanas Lyubomir L Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Aghajani M Aghajani Moji M Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Aleman A Aleman André A Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Baune BT Baune Bernhard T BT The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Berger K Berger Klaus K Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Brak I Brak Ivan I Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Filho GB Filho Geraldo Busatto GB Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Carballedo A Carballedo Angela A North Dublin Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland.
Connolly CG Connolly Colm G CG Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Couvy-Duchesne B Couvy-Duchesne Baptiste B Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Cullen KR Cullen Kathryn R KR Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Dannlowski U Dannlowski Udo U Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Davey CG Davey Christopher G CG Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Dima D Dima Danai D Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
Duran FLS Duran Fabio L S FLS Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Enneking V Enneking Verena V Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Filimonova E Filimonova Elena E FSSBI "Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine", Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Frenzel S Frenzel Stefan S Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Frodl T Frodl Thomas T German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
Fu CHY Fu Cynthia H Y CHY School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK.
Godlewska BR Godlewska Beata R BR Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gotlib IH Gotlib Ian H IH Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Grabe HJ Grabe Hans J HJ German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Groenewold NA Groenewold Nynke A NA Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Grotegerd D Grotegerd Dominik D Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Gruber O Gruber Oliver O Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Hall GB Hall Geoffrey B GB Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Harrison BJ Harrison Ben J BJ Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Hatton SN Hatton Sean N SN Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Hermesdorf M Hermesdorf Marco M Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hickie IB Hickie Ian B IB Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Ho TC Ho Tiffany C TC Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Standord University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Hosten N Hosten Norbert N Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Jansen A Jansen Andreas A Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Kähler C Kähler Claas C Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Kircher T Kircher Tilo T Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Klimes-Dougan B Klimes-Dougan Bonnie B Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Krämer B Krämer Bernd B Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Krug A Krug Axel A Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Lagopoulos J Lagopoulos Jim J Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast QLD, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
Leenings R Leenings Ramona R Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
MacMaster FP MacMaster Frank P FP Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, AB, Canada.
MacQueen G MacQueen Glenda G Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
McIntosh A McIntosh Andrew A Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
McLellan Q McLellan Quinn Q Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
McMahon KL McMahon Katie L KL Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Medland SE Medland Sarah E SE QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Instititute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Mueller BA Mueller Bryon A BA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Mwangi B Mwangi Benson B Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Osipov E Osipov Evgeny E Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Portella MJ Portella Maria J MJ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain.
Pozzi E Pozzi Elena E Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Reneman L Reneman Liesbeth L Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Repple J Repple Jonathan J Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Rosa PGP Rosa Pedro G P PGP Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Sacchet MD Sacchet Matthew D MD Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
Sämann PG Sämann Philipp G PG Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Schnell K Schnell Knut K Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Asklepios Fachklinikum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Schrantee A Schrantee Anouk A Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Simulionyte E Simulionyte Egle E Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Soares JC Soares Jair C JC Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Sommer J Sommer Jens J Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Stein DJ Stein Dan J DJ SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Steinsträter O Steinsträter Olaf O Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Strike LT Strike Lachlan T LT Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Thomopoulos SI Thomopoulos Sophia I SI Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
van Tol MJ van Tol Marie-José MJ Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Veer IM Veer Ilya M IM Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Vermeiren RRJM Vermeiren Robert R J M RRJM Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Walter H Walter Henrik H Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
van der Wee NJA van der Wee Nic J A NJA Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
van der Werff SJA van der Werff Steven J A SJA Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Whalley H Whalley Heather H Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Winter NR Winter Nils R NR Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Wittfeld K Wittfeld Katharina K German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Wright MJ Wright Margaret J MJ Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Wu MJ Wu Mon-Ju MJ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Völzke H Völzke Henry H Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Yang TT Yang Tony T TT Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCSF School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Zannias V Zannias Vasileios V Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
de Zubicaray GI de Zubicaray Greig I GI Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Zunta-Soares GB Zunta-Soares Giovana B GB Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Abé C Abé Christoph C Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alda M Alda Martin M Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Andreassen OA Andreassen Ole A OA Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Bøen E Bøen Erlend E Clinic for Mental Health and Dependency, C-L psychiatry and Psychosomatic Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Bonnin CM Bonnin Caterina M CM Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Canales-Rodriguez EJ Canales-Rodriguez Erick J EJ FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Cannon D Cannon Dara D Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland.
Caseras X Caseras Xavier X MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Chaim-Avancini TM Chaim-Avancini Tiffany M TM Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Elvsåshagen T Elvsåshagen Torbjørn T Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Favre P Favre Pauline P Translational Psychiatry Team, Pôle de psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France.
Foley SF Foley Sonya F SF Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Fullerton JM Fullerton Janice M JM School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Goikolea JM Goikolea Jose M JM Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Haarman BCM Haarman Bartholomeus C M BCM Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hajek T Hajek Tomas T Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Henry C Henry Chantal C Université de Paris, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neuroscience, F-75014, Paris, France.
Houenou J Houenou Josselin J Translational Psychiatry Team, Pôle de psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, INSERM, U955, Créteil, France.
Howells FM Howells Fleur M FM Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ingvar M Ingvar Martin M Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Kuplicki R Kuplicki Rayus R Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Lafer B Lafer Beny B Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Landén M Landén Mikael M Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Machado-Vieira R Machado-Vieira Rodrigo R Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Malt UF Malt Ulrik F UF Clinic for Psychiatry and Dependency, C-L psychiatry and Psychosomatic Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
McDonald C McDonald Colm C Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland.
Mitchell PB Mitchell Philip B PB Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Nabulsi L Nabulsi Leila L Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland.
Otaduy MCG Otaduy Maria Concepcion Garcia MCG Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Overs BJ Overs Bronwyn J BJ Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Polosan M Polosan Mircea M Inserm 1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
Pomarol-Clotet E Pomarol-Clotet Edith E FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Radua J Radua Joaquim J Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Rive MM Rive Maria M MM Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Roberts G Roberts Gloria G Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Ruhe HG Ruhe Henricus G HG Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Salvador R Salvador Raymond R FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Sarró S Sarró Salvador S FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Satterthwaite TD Satterthwaite Theodore D TD Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvannia Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Savitz J Savitz Jonathan J Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Schene AH Schene Aart H AH Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Schofield PR Schofield Peter R PR School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Serpa MH Serpa Mauricio H MH Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Sim K Sim Kang K Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Soeiro-de-Souza MG Soeiro-de-Souza Marcio Gerhardt MG Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Sutherland AN Sutherland Ashley N AN Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Temmingh HS Temmingh Henk S HS Valkenberg Psychiatric Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Timmons GM Timmons Garrett M GM Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Uhlmann A Uhlmann Anne A Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Vieta E Vieta Eduard E Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Wolf DH Wolf Daniel H DH Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvannia Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Zanetti MV Zanetti Marcus V MV Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Jahanshad N Jahanshad Neda N Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Thompson PM Thompson Paul M PM Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Veltman DJ Veltman Dick J DJ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Penninx BWJH Penninx Brenda W J H BWJH Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit & GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marquand AF Marquand Andre F AF Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cole JH Cole James H JH Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Schmaal L Schmaal Lianne L Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME:
ISSUE:
TITLE: Molecular psychiatry
ISOABBREVIATION: Mol Psychiatry
YEAR: 2020
MONTH: May
DAY: 18
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1476-5578
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Mol Psychiatry
COUNTRY: England
ISSNLINKING: 1359-4184
NLMUNIQUEID: 9607835
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
GRANTS
GRANTID AGENCY COUNTRY
APP1161356 Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
T32 AG058507 NIA NIH HHS United States
SFB-TRR58 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
16-15-00128 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
DA1151/5-2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
MR/L010305/1 Medical Research Council United Kingdom
DA1151/5-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
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