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| PMID |
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| TITLE |
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| Investigating the genetic and causal relationship between initiation or use of alcohol, caffeine, cannabis and nicotine. |
|
| ABSTRACT |
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| BACKGROUND |
NlmCategory: BACKGROUND |
| Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis are commonly used psychoactive substances. While the use of these substances has been previously shown to be genetically correlated, causality between these substance use traits remains unclear. We aimed to revisit the genetic relationships among different measures of SU using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank, International Cannabis Consortium, and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use. |
| METHODS |
NlmCategory: METHODS |
| Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis are commonly used psychoactive substances. While the use of these substances has been previously shown to be genetically correlated, causality between these substance use traits remains unclear. We aimed to revisit the genetic relationships among different measures of SU using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank, International Cannabis Consortium, and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use. We obtained GWAS summary statistics from the aforementioned consortia for ten substance use traits including various measures of alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, cannabis initiation and smoking behaviours. We then conducted SNP-heritability (h ) estimation for individual SU traits, followed by genetic correlation analyses and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies between substance use trait pairs. |
| RESULTS |
NlmCategory: RESULTS |
| Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis are commonly used psychoactive substances. While the use of these substances has been previously shown to be genetically correlated, causality between these substance use traits remains unclear. We aimed to revisit the genetic relationships among different measures of SU using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank, International Cannabis Consortium, and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use. We obtained GWAS summary statistics from the aforementioned consortia for ten substance use traits including various measures of alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, cannabis initiation and smoking behaviours. We then conducted SNP-heritability (h ) estimation for individual SU traits, followed by genetic correlation analyses and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies between substance use trait pairs. SNP h of the ten traits ranged from 0.03 to 0.11. After multiple testing correction, 29 of the 45 trait pairs showed evidence of being genetically correlated. MR analyses revealed that most SU traits were not causally associated with each other. However, we found evidence for an MR association between regular smoking initiation and caffeine consumption 40.17 mg; 95 % CI: [24.01, 56.33] increase in caffeine intake per doubling of odds in smoking initiation). Our findings were robust against horizontal pleiotropy, SNP-outliers, and the direction of causality was consistent in all MR analyses. |
| CONCLUSIONS |
NlmCategory: CONCLUSIONS |
| Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis are commonly used psychoactive substances. While the use of these substances has been previously shown to be genetically correlated, causality between these substance use traits remains unclear. We aimed to revisit the genetic relationships among different measures of SU using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank, International Cannabis Consortium, and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use. We obtained GWAS summary statistics from the aforementioned consortia for ten substance use traits including various measures of alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, cannabis initiation and smoking behaviours. We then conducted SNP-heritability (h ) estimation for individual SU traits, followed by genetic correlation analyses and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies between substance use trait pairs. SNP h of the ten traits ranged from 0.03 to 0.11. After multiple testing correction, 29 of the 45 trait pairs showed evidence of being genetically correlated. MR analyses revealed that most SU traits were not causally associated with each other. However, we found evidence for an MR association between regular smoking initiation and caffeine consumption 40.17 mg; 95 % CI: [24.01, 56.33] increase in caffeine intake per doubling of odds in smoking initiation). Our findings were robust against horizontal pleiotropy, SNP-outliers, and the direction of causality was consistent in all MR analyses. Most of the substance traits were genetically correlated but there is little evidence to establish causality apart from the relationship between smoking initiation and caffeine consumption. |
| Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| DATE PUBLISHED |
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| HISTORY |
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| PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
| received |
2020/01/20 |
| revised |
2020/03/06 |
| accepted |
2020/03/12 |
| pubmed |
2020/04/11 06:00 |
| medline |
2020/04/11 06:00 |
| entrez |
2020/04/11 06:00 |
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| AUTHORS |
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| NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
| Chang LH |
|
Chang |
Lun-Hsien |
LH |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Electronic address: lun-hsien.chang@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
| Ong JS |
|
Ong |
Jue-Sheng |
JS |
|
Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Electronic address: JueSheng.Ong@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
| An J |
|
An |
Jiyuan |
J |
|
Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Electronic address: jiyuan.an@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
| Verweij KJH |
|
Verweij |
Karin J H |
KJH |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: karin.verweij@amsterdamumc.nl. |
| Vink JM |
|
Vink |
Jacqueline M |
JM |
|
Behavioural Science Institute, Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Postbus 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: J.Vink@pwo.ru.nl. |
| Pasman J |
|
Pasman |
Joëlle |
J |
|
Behavioural Science Institute, Developmental Psychopathology, Radboud University, Postbus 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.pasman@bsi.ru.nl. |
| Liu M |
|
Liu |
Mengzhen |
M |
|
Institute for Behavioural Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, United States. Electronic address: mengzhen.liu@colorado.edu. |
| MacGregor S |
|
MacGregor |
Stuart |
S |
|
Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Electronic address: Stuart.MacGregor@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
| Cornelis MC |
|
Cornelis |
Marilyn C |
MC |
|
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Dr Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States. Electronic address: marilyn.cornelis@northwestern.edu. |
| Martin NG |
|
Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. Electronic address: Nick.Martin@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
| Derks EM |
|
Derks |
Eske M |
EM |
|
Translational Neurogenomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia. Electronic address: Eske.Derks@qimrberghofer.edu.au. |
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| INVESTIGATORS |
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| JOURNAL |
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| VOLUME: 210 |
| ISSUE: |
| TITLE: Drug and alcohol dependence |
| ISOABBREVIATION: Drug Alcohol Depend |
| YEAR: 2020 |
| MONTH: Mar |
| DAY: 20 |
| MEDLINEDATE: |
| SEASON: |
| CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
| ISSN: 1879-0046 |
| ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
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| MEDLINE JOURNAL |
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| MEDLINETA: Drug Alcohol Depend |
| COUNTRY: Ireland |
| ISSNLINKING: 0376-8716 |
| NLMUNIQUEID: 7513587 |
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| PUBLICATION TYPE |
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| PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
| Journal Article |
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| COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
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| GRANTS |
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| GENERAL NOTE |
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| KEYWORDS |
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| KEYWORD |
| Coffee |
| Genetic instruments |
| Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| Substance use |
| Tea |
| Tobacco |
| Two-sample Mendelian randomisation |
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