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| PMID |
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| TITLE |
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| Genetic and environmental risk factors in the non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics, and their relationship to major classes of licit and illicit substance use and misuse in a population-based sample of young adult twins. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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| BACKGROUND AND AIMS |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. |
| DESIGN |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. |
| SETTING |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. Australia. |
| PARTICIPANTS |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. Australia. A total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18-38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016. |
| MEASUREMENTS |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. Australia. A total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18-38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016. Self-reported NMUA (non-opioid or opioid-based), life-time nicotine, cannabis and opioid use, DSM-V cannabis and alcohol use disorders and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. |
| FINDINGS |
|
| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. Australia. A total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18-38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016. Self-reported NMUA (non-opioid or opioid-based), life-time nicotine, cannabis and opioid use, DSM-V cannabis and alcohol use disorders and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Life-time NMUA was reported by 19.4% of the sample. Univariate heritability explained 46% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.57] of the risks in NMUA. Multivariate analyses revealed that NMUA is moderately associated genetically with cannabis (rg = 0.41) and nicotine (rg = 0.45) use and nicotine dependence (rg = 0.34). In contrast, the genetic correlations with cannabis (rg = 0.15) and alcohol (rg = 0.07) use disorders are weak. |
| CONCLUSIONS |
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| The non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins. Biometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling. Australia. A total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18-38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016. Self-reported NMUA (non-opioid or opioid-based), life-time nicotine, cannabis and opioid use, DSM-V cannabis and alcohol use disorders and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Life-time NMUA was reported by 19.4% of the sample. Univariate heritability explained 46% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.57] of the risks in NMUA. Multivariate analyses revealed that NMUA is moderately associated genetically with cannabis (rg = 0.41) and nicotine (rg = 0.45) use and nicotine dependence (rg = 0.34). In contrast, the genetic correlations with cannabis (rg = 0.15) and alcohol (rg = 0.07) use disorders are weak. In young male and female adults in Australia, the non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics appears to have moderate heritability. NMUA is moderately associated with cannabis and nicotine use and nicotine dependence. Its genetic etiology is largely distinct from that of cannabis and alcohol use disorders. |
| © 2019 Society for the Study of Addiction. |
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| DATE PUBLISHED |
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| HISTORY |
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| PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
| received |
2018/09/18 |
| revised |
2018/12/03 |
| accepted |
2019/07/09 |
| pubmed |
2019/07/18 06:00 |
| medline |
2020/11/20 06:00 |
| entrez |
2019/07/18 06:00 |
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| AUTHORS |
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| NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
| Gillespie NA |
|
Gillespie |
Nathan A |
NA |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia. |
| Bates TC |
|
Bates |
Timothy C |
TC |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK. |
| Hickie IB |
|
Hickie |
Ian B |
IB |
|
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. |
| Medland SE |
|
Medland |
Sarah E |
SE |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia. |
| Verhulst B |
|
Verhulst |
Brad |
B |
|
Psychology Department, Michigan State University, MI, USA. |
| Kirkpatrick RM |
|
Kirkpatrick |
Robert M |
RM |
|
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA. |
| Kendler KS |
|
Kendler |
Kenneth S |
KS |
|
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA. |
| Martin NG |
|
Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
|
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia. |
| Benotsch EG |
|
Benotsch |
Eric G |
EG |
|
Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA. |
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| INVESTIGATORS |
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| JOURNAL |
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| VOLUME: 114 |
| ISSUE: 12 |
| TITLE: Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
| ISOABBREVIATION: Addiction |
| YEAR: 2019 |
| MONTH: 12 |
| DAY: |
| MEDLINEDATE: |
| SEASON: |
| CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
| ISSN: 1360-0443 |
| ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
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| MEDLINE JOURNAL |
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| MEDLINETA: Addiction |
| COUNTRY: England |
| ISSNLINKING: 0965-2140 |
| NLMUNIQUEID: 9304118 |
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| PUBLICATION TYPE |
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| PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
| Journal Article |
| Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Twin Study |
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| COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
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| GRANTS |
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| GRANTID |
AGENCY |
COUNTRY |
| K99 DA023549 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
| APP1103623 |
NHMRC Fellowship |
International |
| R21 DA038852 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
| APP10499110 |
The Australian NHMRC |
International |
| R00 DA023549 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
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| GENERAL NOTE |
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| KEYWORDS |
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| KEYWORD |
| Comorbidity |
| gene |
| non-medical use |
| over-the-counter |
| prescribed analgesics |
| substance use |
| twin |
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| MESH HEADINGS |
|
| DESCRIPTORNAME |
QUALIFIERNAME |
| Adolescent |
|
| Adult |
|
| Alcoholism |
genetics |
| Analgesics |
administration & dosage |
| Australia |
epidemiology |
| Cannabis |
genetics |
| Drug Misuse |
genetics |
| Female |
genetics |
| Gene-Environment Interaction |
genetics |
| Genetic Predisposition to Disease |
epidemiology |
| Humans |
epidemiology |
| Latent Class Analysis |
epidemiology |
| Longitudinal Studies |
epidemiology |
| Male |
epidemiology |
| Nicotine |
genetics |
| Prescription Drug Misuse |
genetics |
| Retrospective Studies |
genetics |
| Risk Factors |
genetics |
| Substance-Related Disorders |
genetics |
| Tobacco Use Disorder |
genetics |
| Young Adult |
genetics |
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| SUPPLEMENTARY MESH |
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| GENE SYMBOLS |
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| CHEMICALS |
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| REGISTRYNUMBER |
NAMEOFSUBSTANCE |
| 0 |
Analgesics |
| 6M3C89ZY6R |
Nicotine |
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| OTHER ID's |
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