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PMID |
|
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TITLE |
|
Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use. |
|
ABSTRACT |
|
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Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many complex diseases and disorders . They are heritable and etiologically related behaviors that have been resistant to gene discovery efforts . In sample sizes up to 1.2 million individuals, we discovered 566 genetic variants in 406 loci associated with multiple stages of tobacco use (initiation, cessation, and heaviness) as well as alcohol use, with 150 loci evidencing pleiotropic association. Smoking phenotypes were positively genetically correlated with many health conditions, whereas alcohol use was negatively correlated with these conditions, such that increased genetic risk for alcohol use is associated with lower disease risk. We report evidence for the involvement of many systems in tobacco and alcohol use, including genes involved in nicotinic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The results provide a solid starting point to evaluate the effects of these loci in model organisms and more precise substance use measures. |
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DATE PUBLISHED |
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HISTORY |
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PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
received |
2018/04/01 |
accepted |
2018/11/06 |
pubmed |
2019/01/16 06:00 |
medline |
2019/04/25 06:00 |
entrez |
2019/01/16 06:00 |
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AUTHORS |
|
NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
Liu M |
|
Liu |
Mengzhen |
M |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Jiang Y |
|
Jiang |
Yu |
Y |
|
Institute of Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. |
Wedow R |
|
Wedow |
Robbee |
R |
|
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Li Y |
|
Li |
Yue |
Y |
|
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
Brazel DM |
|
Brazel |
David M |
DM |
|
Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Graduate Group, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Chen F |
|
Chen |
Fang |
F |
|
Institute of Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. |
Datta G |
|
Datta |
Gargi |
G |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Davila-Velderrain J |
|
Davila-Velderrain |
Jose |
J |
|
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
McGuire D |
|
McGuire |
Daniel |
D |
|
Institute of Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. |
Tian C |
|
Tian |
Chao |
C |
|
23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA. |
Zhan X |
|
Zhan |
Xiaowei |
X |
|
Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. |
|
23andMe Research Team |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HUNT All-In Psychiatry |
|
|
|
|
|
Choquet H |
|
Choquet |
Hélène |
H |
|
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. |
Docherty AR |
|
Docherty |
Anna R |
AR |
|
Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. |
Faul JD |
|
Faul |
Jessica D |
JD |
|
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Foerster JR |
|
Foerster |
Johanna R |
JR |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Fritsche LG |
|
Fritsche |
Lars G |
LG |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Gabrielsen ME |
|
Gabrielsen |
Maiken Elvestad |
ME |
|
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. |
Gordon SD |
|
Gordon |
Scott D |
SD |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
Haessler J |
|
Haessler |
Jeffrey |
J |
|
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. |
Hottenga JJ |
|
Hottenga |
Jouke-Jan |
JJ |
|
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Huang H |
|
Huang |
Hongyan |
H |
|
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. |
Jang SK |
|
Jang |
Seon-Kyeong |
SK |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Jansen PR |
|
Jansen |
Philip R |
PR |
|
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. |
Ling Y |
|
Ling |
Yueh |
Y |
|
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Mägi R |
|
Mägi |
Reedik |
R |
|
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. |
Matoba N |
|
Matoba |
Nana |
N |
|
Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan. |
McMahon G |
|
McMahon |
George |
G |
|
Department of Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK. |
Mulas A |
|
Mulas |
Antonella |
A |
|
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy. |
Orrù V |
|
Orrù |
Valeria |
V |
|
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy. |
Palviainen T |
|
Palviainen |
Teemu |
T |
|
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. |
Pandit A |
|
Pandit |
Anita |
A |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Reginsson GW |
|
Reginsson |
Gunnar W |
GW |
|
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Skogholt AH |
|
Skogholt |
Anne Heidi |
AH |
|
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. |
Smith JA |
|
Smith |
Jennifer A |
JA |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Taylor AE |
|
Taylor |
Amy E |
AE |
|
Department of Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK. |
Turman C |
|
Turman |
Constance |
C |
|
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. |
Willemsen G |
|
Willemsen |
Gonneke |
G |
|
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Young H |
|
Young |
Hannah |
H |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Young KA |
|
Young |
Kendra A |
KA |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. |
Zajac GJM |
|
Zajac |
Gregory J M |
GJM |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Zhao W |
|
Zhao |
Wei |
W |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Zhou W |
|
Zhou |
Wei |
W |
|
Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Bjornsdottir G |
|
Bjornsdottir |
Gyda |
G |
|
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Boardman JD |
|
Boardman |
Jason D |
JD |
|
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Boehnke M |
|
Boehnke |
Michael |
M |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Boomsma DI |
|
Boomsma |
Dorret I |
DI |
|
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Chen C |
|
Chen |
Chu |
C |
|
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. |
Cucca F |
|
Cucca |
Francesco |
F |
|
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy. |
Davies GE |
|
Davies |
Gareth E |
GE |
|
Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. |
Eaton CB |
|
Eaton |
Charles B |
CB |
|
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. |
Ehringer MA |
|
Ehringer |
Marissa A |
MA |
|
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Esko T |
|
Esko |
Tõnu |
T |
|
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. |
Fiorillo E |
|
Fiorillo |
Edoardo |
E |
|
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy. |
Gillespie NA |
|
Gillespie |
Nathan A |
NA |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
Gudbjartsson DF |
|
Gudbjartsson |
Daniel F |
DF |
|
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Haller T |
|
Haller |
Toomas |
T |
|
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. |
Harris KM |
|
Harris |
Kathleen Mullan |
KM |
|
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. |
Heath AC |
|
Heath |
Andrew C |
AC |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
Hewitt JK |
|
Hewitt |
John K |
JK |
|
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Hickie IB |
|
Hickie |
Ian B |
IB |
|
Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. |
Hokanson JE |
|
Hokanson |
John E |
JE |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. |
Hopfer CJ |
|
Hopfer |
Christian J |
CJ |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. |
Hunter DJ |
|
Hunter |
David J |
DJ |
|
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. |
Iacono WG |
|
Iacono |
William G |
WG |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Johnson EO |
|
Johnson |
Eric O |
EO |
|
Fellows Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. |
Kamatani Y |
|
Kamatani |
Yoichiro |
Y |
|
Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan. |
Kardia SLR |
|
Kardia |
Sharon L R |
SLR |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Keller MC |
|
Keller |
Matthew C |
MC |
|
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Kellis M |
|
Kellis |
Manolis |
M |
|
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. |
Kooperberg C |
|
Kooperberg |
Charles |
C |
|
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. |
Kraft P |
|
Kraft |
Peter |
P |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. |
Krauter KS |
|
Krauter |
Kenneth S |
KS |
|
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Laakso M |
|
Laakso |
Markku |
M |
|
Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. |
Lind PA |
|
Lind |
Penelope A |
PA |
|
Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
Loukola A |
|
Loukola |
Anu |
A |
|
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. |
Lutz SM |
|
Lutz |
Sharon M |
SM |
|
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. |
Madden PAF |
|
Madden |
Pamela A F |
PAF |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
Martin NG |
|
Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
McGue M |
|
McGue |
Matt |
M |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
McQueen MB |
|
McQueen |
Matthew B |
MB |
|
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Medland SE |
|
Medland |
Sarah E |
SE |
|
Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
Metspalu A |
|
Metspalu |
Andres |
A |
|
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. |
Mohlke KL |
|
Mohlke |
Karen L |
KL |
|
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. |
Nielsen JB |
|
Nielsen |
Jonas B |
JB |
|
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Okada Y |
|
Okada |
Yukinori |
Y |
|
Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. |
Peters U |
|
Peters |
Ulrike |
U |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. |
Polderman TJC |
|
Polderman |
Tinca J C |
TJC |
|
Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Posthuma D |
|
Posthuma |
Danielle |
D |
|
Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. |
Reiner AP |
|
Reiner |
Alexander P |
AP |
|
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. |
Rice JP |
|
Rice |
John P |
JP |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
Rimm E |
|
Rimm |
Eric |
E |
|
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. |
Rose RJ |
|
Rose |
Richard J |
RJ |
|
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. |
Runarsdottir V |
|
Runarsdottir |
Valgerdur |
V |
|
SAA-National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Stallings MC |
|
Stallings |
Michael C |
MC |
|
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Stančáková A |
|
Stančáková |
Alena |
A |
|
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. |
Stefansson H |
|
Stefansson |
Hreinn |
H |
|
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Thai KK |
|
Thai |
Khanh K |
KK |
|
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. |
Tindle HA |
|
Tindle |
Hilary A |
HA |
|
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. |
Tyrfingsson T |
|
Tyrfingsson |
Thorarinn |
T |
|
SAA-National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Wall TL |
|
Wall |
Tamara L |
TL |
|
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. |
Weir DR |
|
Weir |
David R |
DR |
|
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Weisner C |
|
Weisner |
Constance |
C |
|
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. |
Whitfield JB |
|
Whitfield |
John B |
JB |
|
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. |
Winsvold BS |
|
Winsvold |
Bendik Slagsvold |
BS |
|
FORMI and Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. |
Yin J |
|
Yin |
Jie |
J |
|
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. |
Zuccolo L |
|
Zuccolo |
Luisa |
L |
|
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. |
Bierut LJ |
|
Bierut |
Laura J |
LJ |
|
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
Hveem K |
|
Hveem |
Kristian |
K |
|
Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway. |
Lee JJ |
|
Lee |
James J |
JJ |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. |
Munafò MR |
|
Munafò |
Marcus R |
MR |
|
UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. |
Saccone NL |
|
Saccone |
Nancy L |
NL |
|
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. |
Willer CJ |
|
Willer |
Cristen J |
CJ |
|
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Cornelis MC |
|
Cornelis |
Marilyn C |
MC |
|
Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. |
David SP |
|
David |
Sean P |
SP |
|
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. |
Hinds DA |
|
Hinds |
David A |
DA |
|
23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA. |
Jorgenson E |
|
Jorgenson |
Eric |
E |
|
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA. |
Kaprio J |
|
Kaprio |
Jaakko |
J |
|
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. |
Stitzel JA |
|
Stitzel |
Jerry A |
JA |
|
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. |
Stefansson K |
|
Stefansson |
Kari |
K |
|
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Thorgeirsson TE |
|
Thorgeirsson |
Thorgeir E |
TE |
|
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. |
Abecasis G |
|
Abecasis |
Gonçalo |
G |
|
Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. |
Liu DJ |
|
Liu |
Dajiang J |
DJ |
|
Institute of Personalized Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA. dajiang.liu@psu.edu. |
Vrieze S |
|
Vrieze |
Scott |
S |
|
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA. vrieze@umn.edu. |
|
INVESTIGATORS |
|
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
Agee |
Michelle |
M |
|
Alipanahi |
Babak |
B |
|
Auton |
Adam |
A |
|
Bell |
Robert K |
RK |
|
Bryc |
Katarzyna |
K |
|
Elson |
Sarah L |
SL |
|
Fontanillas |
Pierre |
P |
|
Furlotte |
Nicholas A |
NA |
|
Hinds |
David A |
DA |
|
Hromatka |
Bethann S |
BS |
|
Huber |
Karen E |
KE |
|
Kleinman |
Aaron |
A |
|
Litterman |
Nadia K |
NK |
|
McIntyre |
Matthew H |
MH |
|
Mountain |
Joanna L |
JL |
|
Northover |
Carrie A M |
CAM |
|
Sathirapongsasuti |
J Fah |
JF |
|
Sazonova |
Olga V |
OV |
|
Shelton |
Janie F |
JF |
|
Shringarpure |
Suyash |
S |
|
Tian |
Chao |
C |
|
Tung |
Joyce Y |
JY |
|
Vacic |
Vladimir |
V |
|
Wilson |
Catherine H |
CH |
|
Pitts |
Steven J |
SJ |
|
Mitchell |
Amy |
A |
|
Skogholt |
Anne Heidi |
AH |
|
Winsvold |
Bendik S |
BS |
|
Sivertsen |
Børge |
B |
|
Stordal |
Eystein |
E |
|
Morken |
Gunnar |
G |
|
Kallestad |
Håvard |
H |
|
Heuch |
Ingrid |
I |
|
Zwart |
John-Anker |
JA |
|
Fjukstad |
Katrine Kveli |
KK |
|
Pedersen |
Linda M |
LM |
|
Gabrielsen |
Maiken Elvestad |
ME |
|
Johnsen |
Marianne Bakke |
MB |
|
Skrove |
Marit |
M |
|
Indredavik |
Marit Sæbø |
MS |
|
Drange |
Ole Kristian |
OK |
|
Bjerkeset |
Ottar |
O |
|
Børte |
Sigrid |
S |
|
Stensland |
Synne Øien |
SŲ |
|
|
JOURNAL |
|
VOLUME: 51 |
ISSUE: 2 |
TITLE: Nature genetics |
ISOABBREVIATION: Nat Genet |
YEAR: 2019 |
MONTH: 02 |
DAY: |
MEDLINEDATE: |
SEASON: |
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
ISSN: 1546-1718 |
ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
|
MEDLINE JOURNAL |
|
MEDLINETA: Nat Genet |
COUNTRY: United States |
ISSNLINKING: 1061-4036 |
NLMUNIQUEID: 9216904 |
|
PUBLICATION TYPE |
|
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
Journal Article |
Meta-Analysis |
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
|
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
|
|
GRANTS |
|
GRANTID |
AGENCY |
COUNTRY |
R01 HL089897 |
NHLBI NIH HHS |
United States |
K01 HL125858 |
NHLBI NIH HHS |
United States |
U01 AG009740 |
NIA NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 GM126479 |
NIGMS NIH HHS |
United States |
R03 HD097630 |
NICHD NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 DA042755 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
G0902144 |
Medical Research Council |
United Kingdom |
P2C HD066613 |
NICHD NIH HHS |
United States |
T32 DK091317 |
NIDDK NIH HHS |
United States |
K01 MH109765 |
NIMH NIH HHS |
United States |
R03 DC013373 |
NIDCD NIH HHS |
United States |
R21 DA040177 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
U01 HL089897 |
NHLBI NIH HHS |
United States |
MC_UU_00011/7 |
Medical Research Council |
United Kingdom |
MR/K023195/1 |
Medical Research Council |
United Kingdom |
T32 HG000040 |
NHGRI NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 HL119443 |
NHLBI NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 DK062370 |
NIDDK NIH HHS |
United States |
U01 HL089856 |
NHLBI NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 DA034076 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 HG008983 |
NHGRI NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 DA036583 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
MC_UU_12013/1 |
Medical Research Council |
United Kingdom |
R01 DK116738 |
NIDDK NIH HHS |
United States |
U01 DK062370 |
NIDDK NIH HHS |
United States |
R21 AA021223 |
NIAAA NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 DA037904 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
U01 DA046413 |
NIDA NIH HHS |
United States |
R01 AA023974 |
NIAAA NIH HHS |
United States |
P30 DK020572 |
NIDDK NIH HHS |
United States |
S10 OD020069 |
NIH HHS |
United States |
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GENERAL NOTE |
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KEYWORDS |
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MESH HEADINGS |
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DESCRIPTORNAME |
QUALIFIERNAME |
Alcohol Drinking |
genetics |
Female |
genetics |
Genetic Variation |
genetics |
Genome-Wide Association Study |
methods |
Humans |
methods |
Male |
methods |
Middle Aged |
methods |
Phenotype |
methods |
Risk |
methods |
Smoking |
genetics |
Tobacco |
adverse effects |
Tobacco Use Disorder |
genetics |
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SUPPLEMENTARY MESH |
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GENE SYMBOLS |
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CHEMICALS |
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OTHER ID's |
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