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| PMID |
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| TITLE |
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| Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Reading Ability Show Connection to Socio-Economic Outcomes. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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| Impairments in reading and in language have negative consequences on life outcomes, but it is not known to what extent genetic effects influence this association. We constructed polygenic scores for difficulties with language and learning to read from genome-wide data in ~6,600 children, adolescents and young adults, and tested their association with health, socioeconomic outcomes and brain structure measures collected in adults (maximal N = 111,749). Polygenic risk of reading difficulties was associated with reduced income, educational attainment, self-rated health and verbal-numerical reasoning (p < 0.00055). Polygenic risk of language difficulties predicted income (p = 0.0005). The small effect sizes ranged 0.01-0.03 of a standard deviation, but these will increase as genetic studies for reading ability get larger. Polygenic scores for childhood cognitive ability and educational attainment were correlated with polygenic scores of reading and language (up to 0.09 and 0.05, respectively). But when they were included in the prediction models, the observed associations between polygenic reading and adult outcomes mostly remained. This suggests that the pathway from reading ability to social outcomes is not only via associated polygenic loads for general cognitive function and educational attainment. The presence of non-overlapping genetic effect is indicated by the genetic correlations of around 0.40 (childhood intelligence) and 0.70 (educational attainment) with reading ability. Mendelian randomization approaches will be important to dissociate any causal and moderating effects of reading and related traits on social outcomes. |
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| DATE PUBLISHED |
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| HISTORY |
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| PUBSTATUS |
PUBSTATUSDATE |
| received |
2017/01/31 |
| accepted |
2017/06/24 |
| entrez |
2017/07/17 06:00 |
| pubmed |
2017/07/18 06:00 |
| medline |
2017/07/18 06:00 |
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| AUTHORS |
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| NAME |
COLLECTIVENAME |
LASTNAME |
FORENAME |
INITIALS |
AFFILIATION |
AFFILIATIONINFO |
| Luciano M |
|
Luciano |
Michelle |
M |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. michelle.luciano@ed.ac.uk. |
| Hagenaars SP |
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Hagenaars |
Saskia P |
SP |
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Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK. |
| Cox SR |
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Cox |
Simon R |
SR |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. |
| Hill WD |
|
Hill |
William David |
WD |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. |
| Davies G |
|
Davies |
Gail |
G |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. |
| Harris SE |
|
Harris |
Sarah E |
SE |
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Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK. |
| Deary IJ |
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Deary |
Ian J |
IJ |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. |
| Evans DM |
|
Evans |
David M |
DM |
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MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. |
| Martin NG |
|
Martin |
Nicholas G |
NG |
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Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. |
| Wright MJ |
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Wright |
Margaret J |
MJ |
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Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. |
| Bates TC |
|
Bates |
Timothy C |
TC |
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Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. |
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| INVESTIGATORS |
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| JOURNAL |
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| VOLUME: |
| ISSUE: |
| TITLE: Behavior genetics |
| ISOABBREVIATION: Behav. Genet. |
| YEAR: 2017 |
| MONTH: Jul |
| DAY: 15 |
| MEDLINEDATE: |
| SEASON: |
| CITEDMEDIUM: Internet |
| ISSN: 1573-3297 |
| ISSNTYPE: Electronic |
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| MEDLINE JOURNAL |
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| MEDLINETA: Behav Genet |
| COUNTRY: United States |
| ISSNLINKING: 0001-8244 |
| NLMUNIQUEID: 0251711 |
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| PUBLICATION TYPE |
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| PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT |
| Journal Article |
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| COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS |
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| GRANTS |
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| GENERAL NOTE |
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| KEYWORDS |
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| KEYWORD |
| Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium regression |
| Genetic correlation |
| MRI |
| Polygenic scores |
| UK Biobank |
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| MESH HEADINGS |
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| SUPPLEMENTARY MESH |
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| CHEMICALS |
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