Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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26131930
TITLE
Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations.
ABSTRACT
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
DATE PUBLISHED
2015 Jul 23
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
received 2015/02/01
accepted 2015/05/28
entrez 2015/07/02 06:00
pubmed 2015/07/02 06:00
medline 2015/08/08 06:00
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Joshi PK Joshi Peter K PK Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Esko T Esko Tonu T Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Mattsson H Mattsson Hannele H Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Eklund N Eklund Niina N Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Gandin I Gandin Ilaria I Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Nutile T Nutile Teresa T Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Jackson AU Jackson Anne U AU Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
Schurmann C Schurmann Claudia C The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Smith AV Smith Albert V AV Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
Zhang W Zhang Weihua W Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Okada Y Okada Yukinori Y Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Stančáková A Stančáková Alena A Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Faul JD Faul Jessica D JD Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, 48104, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Zhao W Zhao Wei W Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Bartz TM Bartz Traci M TM Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
Concas MP Concas Maria Pina MP Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Trav. La Crucca n. 3 - Reg. Baldinca, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
Franceschini N Franceschini Nora N Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, 27599-8050, Chapel Hill, USA.
Enroth S Enroth Stefan S Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden.
Vitart V Vitart Veronique V MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Trompet S Trompet Stella S Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center , PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
Guo X Guo Xiuqing X Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Chasman DI Chasman Daniel I DI Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
O'Connel JR O'Connel Jeffery R JR Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program for Personalised and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St. MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Corre T Corre Tanguy T Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - batiment génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
Nongmaithem SS Nongmaithem Suraj S SS Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Chen Y Chen Yuning Y Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Mangino M Mangino Massimo M NIHR Biomedical Research Centre , Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Ruggiero D Ruggiero Daniela D Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Traglia M Traglia Michela M Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Farmaki AE Farmaki Aliki-Eleni AE Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 17671, Greece.
Kacprowski T Kacprowski Tim T Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Bjonnes A Bjonnes Andrew A Center for Human Genetic Research , 55 Fruit Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2114, USA.
van der Spek A van der Spek Ashley A Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Wu Y Wu Ying Y Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
Giri AK Giri Anil K AK Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Yanek LR Yanek Lisa R LR The GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, Maryland, USA.
Wang L Wang Lihua L Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Hofer E Hofer Edith E Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz2, Graz, A-8036, Austria.
Rietveld CA Rietveld Cornelius A CA Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
McLeod O McLeod Olga O Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Cornelis MC Cornelis Marilyn C MC Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, 02215, USA.
Pattaro C Pattaro Cristian C Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Verweij N Verweij Niek N University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
Baumbach C Baumbach Clemens C Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Abdellaoui A Abdellaoui Abdel A Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Warren HR Warren Helen R HR NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Vuckovic D Vuckovic Dragana D Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Mei H Mei Hao H Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
Bouchard C Bouchard Claude C Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Perry JRB Perry John R B JRB MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Cappellani S Cappellani Stefania S Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Mirza SS Mirza Saira S SS Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Benton MC Benton Miles C MC Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Broeckel U Broeckel Ulrich U Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, 53226, WI, USA.
Medland SE Medland Sarah E SE Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Lind PA Lind Penelope A PA Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Malerba G Malerba Giovanni G Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e della Riproduzione, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
Drong A Drong Alexander A Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Yengo L Yengo Loic L CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
Bielak LF Bielak Lawrence F LF Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Zhi D Zhi Degui D Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
van der Most PJ van der Most Peter J PJ Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Shriner D Shriner Daniel D Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Room 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
Mägi R Mägi Reedik R Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Hemani G Hemani Gibran G MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Karaderi T Karaderi Tugce T Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Wang Z Wang Zhaoming Z Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick,MD, USA.
Liu T Liu Tian T Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 72, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Demuth I Demuth Ilja I Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
Zhao JH Zhao Jing Hua JH MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Meng W Meng Weihua W Division of Population Health Sciences, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD2 4BF, Scotland.
Lataniotis L Lataniotis Lazaros L William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
van der Laan SW van der Laan Sander W SW Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Bradfield JP Bradfield Jonathan P JP Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Wood AR Wood Andrew R AR Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
Bonnefond A Bonnefond Amelie A CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
Ahluwalia TS Ahluwalia Tarunveer S TS Novo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
Hall LM Hall Leanne M LM Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Salvi E Salvi Erika E Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Yazar S Yazar Seyhan S Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun St, Perth, 6009, Australia.
Carstensen L Carstensen Lisbeth L Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
de Haan HG de Haan Hugoline G HG Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.
Abney M Abney Mark M Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Afzal U Afzal Uzma U Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Allison MA Allison Matthew A MA Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
Amin N Amin Najaf N Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Asselbergs FW Asselbergs Folkert W FW Institute of Cardiovascular Science, faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Bakker SJL Bakker Stephan J L SJL University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
Barr RG Barr R Graham RG Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
Baumeister SE Baumeister Sebastian E SE Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Benjamin DJ Benjamin Daniel J DJ Department of Economics and Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 314C Dauterive Hall, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Bergmann S Bergmann Sven S Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - batiment génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
Boerwinkle E Boerwinkle Eric E Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
Bottinger EP Bottinger Erwin P EP The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Campbell A Campbell Archie A Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Chakravarti A Chakravarti Aravinda A McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
Chan Y Chan Yingleong Y Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Chanock SJ Chanock Stephen J SJ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.
Chen C Chen Constance C Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, USA.
Chen YI Chen Y-D Ida YI Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Collins FS Collins Francis S FS Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
Connell J Connell John J College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, College Office, Level 10, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
Correa A Correa Adolfo A Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
Cupples LA Cupples L Adrienne LA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Smith GD Smith George Davey GD MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Davies G Davies Gail G Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Dörr M Dörr Marcus M Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Ehret G Ehret Georg G Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 4, Genève 14, 1211, Switzerland.
Ellis SB Ellis Stephen B SB The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Feenstra B Feenstra Bjarke B Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Feitosa MF Feitosa Mary F MF Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Ford I Ford Ian I Robertson Centre, University of Glasgow, Boyd Orr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland.
Fox CS Fox Caroline S CS Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 75 Francis St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Frayling TM Frayling Timothy M TM Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
Friedrich N Friedrich Nele N Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. NK, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
Geller F Geller Frank F Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
Scotland G Scotland Generation G Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Gillham-Nasenya I Gillham-Nasenya Irina I Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Gottesman O Gottesman Omri O The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Graff M Graff Misa M Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 137 E Franklin St., Suite 306, USA.
Grodstein F Grodstein Francine F Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, 02215, USA.
Gu C Gu Charles C Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, 660 S Euclid, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA.
Haley C Haley Chris C Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland.
Hammond CJ Hammond Christopher J CJ Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Harris SE Harris Sarah E SE Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Harris TB Harris Tamara B TB National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hastie ND Hastie Nicholas D ND MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Heard-Costa NL Heard-Costa Nancy L NL Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Heikkilä K Heikkilä Kauko K Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Hocking LJ Hocking Lynne J LJ Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
Homuth G Homuth Georg G Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15A, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Hottenga JJ Hottenga Jouke-Jan JJ Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Huang J Huang Jinyan J State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China.
Huffman JE Huffman Jennifer E JE MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Hysi PG Hysi Pirro G PG Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Ikram MA Ikram M Arfan MA Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Ingelsson E Ingelsson Erik E Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Joensuu A Joensuu Anni A Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Johansson Å Johansson Åsa Å Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75237, Sweden.
Jousilahti P Jousilahti Pekka P Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Jukema JW Jukema J Wouter JW Department of Cardiology C5-P , Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, Netherlands.
Kähönen M Kähönen Mika M Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, Tampere, 33521, Finland.
Kamatani Y Kamatani Yoichiro Y Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Kanoni S Kanoni Stavroula S William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Kerr SM Kerr Shona M SM MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Khan NM Khan Nazir M NM Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Koellinger P Koellinger Philipp P Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, 3000 DR, The Netherlands.
Koistinen HA Koistinen Heikki A HA Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland.
Kooner MK Kooner Manraj K MK Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Kubo M Kubo Michiaki M Laboratory for Genotyping Development RCfIMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Kuusisto J Kuusisto Johanna J Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
Lahti J Lahti Jari J Folkhälsan Reasearch Centre, PB 63, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Launer LJ Launer Lenore J LJ National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lea RA Lea Rodney A RA Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Lehne B Lehne Benjamin B Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Lehtimäki T Lehtimäki Terho T Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
Liewald DCM Liewald David C M DCM Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Lind L Lind Lars L Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.
Loh M Loh Marie M Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Lokki ML Lokki Marja-Liisa ML Transplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
London SJ London Stephanie J SJ National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, RTP, NC, USA.
Loomis SJ Loomis Stephanie J SJ Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, 02114, USA.
Loukola A Loukola Anu A Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Lu Y Lu Yingchang Y The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Lumley T Lumley Thomas T Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, 303.325 Science Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
Lundqvist A Lundqvist Annamari A Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Männistö S Männistö Satu S Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Marques-Vidal P Marques-Vidal Pedro P Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
Masciullo C Masciullo Corrado C Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Matchan A Matchan Angela A Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Mathias RA Mathias Rasika A RA Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA.
Matsuda K Matsuda Koichi K Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
Meigs JB Meigs James B JB Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , 50 Staniford St, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
Meisinger C Meisinger Christa C Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Meitinger T Meitinger Thomas T Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, München, 81675, Germany.
Menni C Menni Cristina C Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Mentch FD Mentch Frank D FD Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Mihailov E Mihailov Evelin E Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Milani L Milani Lili L Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Montasser ME Montasser May E ME Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition and Program for Personalised and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St. MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Montgomery GW Montgomery Grant W GW Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Morrison A Morrison Alanna A Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Suite 453E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
Myers RH Myers Richard H RH Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, E-304, Boston, 2118, MA, USA.
Nadukuru R Nadukuru Rajiv R The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Navarro P Navarro Pau P MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Nelis M Nelis Mari M Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
Nieminen MS Nieminen Markku S MS HUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland.
Nolte IM Nolte Ilja M IM Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
O'Connor GT O'Connor George T GT Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Ogunniyi A Ogunniyi Adesola A Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Padmanabhan S Padmanabhan Sandosh S ICAMS, University of Glasgow, 126 University Way, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
Palmas WR Palmas Walter R WR Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA.
Pankow JS Pankow James S JS Division of Epidemiology and Community Health , University of Minnesota , 1300 S 2nd Street, Minneapolis, 55454, USA.
Patarcic I Patarcic Inga I Centre for Global Health and Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Pavani F Pavani Francesca F Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Peyser PA Peyser Patricia A PA Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Pietilainen K Pietilainen Kirsi K Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Poulter N Poulter Neil N International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1LA, UK.
Prokopenko I Prokopenko Inga I Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Ralhan S Ralhan Sarju S Department of Cardiology and Cardio thoracic Surgery Hero DMC Heart Institute, Civil Lines, 141001, Ludhiana, India.
Redmond P Redmond Paul P Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Rich SS Rich Stephen S SS Department Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 3232 West Complex, Charlottesville, 22908, USA.
Rissanen H Rissanen Harri H Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Robino A Robino Antonietta A Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Rose LM Rose Lynda M LM Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Rose R Rose Richard R Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Sala C Sala Cinzia C Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Salako B Salako Babatunde B Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Salomaa V Salomaa Veikko V Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Sarin AP Sarin Antti-Pekka AP Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Saxena R Saxena Richa R Center for Human Genetic Research , 55 Fruit Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2114, USA.
Schmidt H Schmidt Helena H Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
Scott LJ Scott Laura J LJ Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
Scott WR Scott William R WR Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Sennblad B Sennblad Bengt B Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Seshadri S Seshadri Sudha S Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
Sever P Sever Peter P International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1LA, UK.
Shrestha S Shrestha Smeeta S Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC) Group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habshiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Smith BH Smith Blair H BH University of Dundee, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, DD2 4DB, UK.
Smith JA Smith Jennifer A JA Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Soranzo N Soranzo Nicole N Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Sotoodehnia N Sotoodehnia Nona N Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
Southam L Southam Lorraine L Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Stanton AV Stanton Alice V AV Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Stathopoulou MG Stathopoulou Maria G MG UMR INSERM U1122; IGE-PCV "Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire", INSERM, University of Lorraine, 30 Rue Lionnois, Nancy, 54000, France.
Strauch K Strauch Konstantin K Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Strawbridge RJ Strawbridge Rona J RJ Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Suderman MJ Suderman Matthew J MJ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Tandon N Tandon Nikhil N Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Tang ST Tang Sian-Tsun ST National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Taylor KD Taylor Kent D KD Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Tayo BO Tayo Bamidele O BO Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, USA.
Töglhofer AM Töglhofer Anna Maria AM Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
Tomaszewski M Tomaszewski Maciej M NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Tšernikova N Tšernikova Natalia N Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51010 Estonia.
Tuomilehto J Tuomilehto Jaakko J Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Uitterlinden AG Uitterlinden Andre G AG Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Vaidya D Vaidya Dhananjay D Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
van Hylckama Vlieg A van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid A Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands.
van Setten J van Setten Jessica J Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Vasankari T Vasankari Tuula T Finnish Lung Health Association, Sibeliuksenkatu 11 A 1, Helsinki, FI-00250, Finland.
Vedantam S Vedantam Sailaja S Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Vlachopoulou E Vlachopoulou Efthymia E Transplantation laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Vozzi D Vozzi Diego D Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Vuoksimaa E Vuoksimaa Eero E Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, P.O.Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Waldenberger M Waldenberger Melanie M Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Ware EB Ware Erin B EB Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Wentworth-Shields W Wentworth-Shields William W Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Whitfield JB Whitfield John B JB Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Wild S Wild Sarah S Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Willemsen G Willemsen Gonneke G Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Yajnik CS Yajnik Chittaranjan S CS Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, 411011, India.
Yao J Yao Jie J Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Zaza G Zaza Gianluigi G Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, Verona, 37124, Italy.
Zhu X Zhu Xiaofeng X Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
Project TBJ Project The BioBank Japan TBJ Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Salem RM Salem Rany M RM Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Melbye M Melbye Mads M Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
Bisgaard H Bisgaard Hans H The Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Samani NJ Samani Nilesh J NJ NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
Cusi D Cusi Daniele D Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Mackey DA Mackey David A DA Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun St, Perth, 6009, Australia.
Cooper RS Cooper Richard S RS Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, USA.
Froguel P Froguel Philippe P Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Pasterkamp G Pasterkamp Gerard G Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Grant SFA Grant Struan F A SFA Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Hakonarson H Hakonarson Hakon H Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Ferrucci L Ferrucci Luigi L Translational Gerontology Branch, National institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21225, Maryland, USA.
Scott RA Scott Robert A RA MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Morris AD Morris Andrew D AD Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Medical Research Insitute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland.
Palmer CNA Palmer Colin N A CNA Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland.
Dedoussis G Dedoussis George G Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 17671, Greece.
Deloukas P Deloukas Panos P Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Bertram L Bertram Lars L Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus - St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK.
Lindenberger U Lindenberger Ulman U Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Berndt SI Berndt Sonja I SI Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, 20850, MD, USA.
Lindgren CM Lindgren Cecilia M CM Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Timpson NJ Timpson Nicholas J NJ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
Tönjes A Tönjes Anke A Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Munroe PB Munroe Patricia B PB NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Sørensen TIA Sørensen Thorkild I A TIA Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital , The Capital Region, Copenhagen, 2000, Denmark.
Rotimi CN Rotimi Charles N CN Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A/Room 4047, 12 South Dr., Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA.
Arnett DK Arnett Donna K DK Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
Oldehinkel AJ Oldehinkel Albertine J AJ Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
Kardia SLR Kardia Sharon L R SLR Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Balkau B Balkau Beverley B Epidemiology of diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease over the lifecourse, Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health U1018, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, 94807, France.
Gambaro G Gambaro Giovanni G Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Via G. Moscati 31/34, Roma, 00168, Italy.
Morris AP Morris Andrew P AP Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Stree, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.
Eriksson JG Eriksson Johan G JG Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland.
Wright MJ Wright Margie J MJ Neuro-Imaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006 Australia.
Martin NG Martin Nicholas G NG Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Hunt SC Hunt Steven C SC Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah, 420 Chipeta Way, Room 1160, Salt Lake City, 84117, Utah, USA.
Starr JM Starr John M JM Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Deary IJ Deary Ian J IJ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Griffiths LR Griffiths Lyn R LR Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Qld 4001, Brisbane, Australia.
Tiemeier H Tiemeier Henning H Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Pirastu N Pirastu Nicola N Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Kaprio J Kaprio Jaakko J National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O.Box 30, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Wareham NJ Wareham Nicholas J NJ MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Pérusse L Pérusse Louis L Department of kinesiology, Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Wilson JG Wilson James G JG Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
Girotto G Girotto Giorgia G Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 - Osp. di Cattinara, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
Caulfield MJ Caulfield Mark J MJ NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Raitakari O Raitakari Olli O Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20521, Finland.
Boomsma DI Boomsma Dorret I DI Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Gieger C Gieger Christian C Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
van der Harst P van der Harst Pim P University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
Hicks AA Hicks Andrew A AA Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Kraft P Kraft Peter P Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115, USA.
Sinisalo J Sinisalo Juha J HUCH Heart and Lung center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland.
Knekt P Knekt Paul P Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Johannesson M Johannesson Magnus M Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Box 6501, Stockholm, SE-113 83, Sweden.
Magnusson PKE Magnusson Patrik K E PKE Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
Hamsten A Hamsten Anders A Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
Schmidt R Schmidt Reinhold R Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz, A-8036, Austria.
Borecki IB Borecki Ingrid B IB Department of Genetics and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Boulevard, Saint Louis, 63108, MO, USA.
Vartiainen E Vartiainen Erkki E Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Becker DM Becker Diane M DM Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA.
Bharadwaj D Bharadwaj Dwaipayan D Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
Mohlke KL Mohlke Karen L KL Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
Boehnke M Boehnke Michael M Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
van Duijn CM van Duijn Cornelia M CM Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Sanghera DK Sanghera Dharambir K DK Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Oklahoma Health Sceienecs Center, Oklahoma City , 73104, USA.
Teumer A Teumer Alexander A Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, W.-Rathenau-Str. 48, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
Zeggini E Zeggini Eleftheria E Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK.
Metspalu A Metspalu Andres A Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51010 Estonia.
Gasparini P Gasparini Paolo P Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Ulivi S Ulivi Sheila S Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", via dell'Istria 65, Trieste, 34137, Italy.
Ober C Ober Carole C Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
Toniolo D Toniolo Daniela D Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy.
Rudan I Rudan Igor I Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Porteous DJ Porteous David J DJ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Ciullo M Ciullo Marina M Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, Naples, 80131, Italy.
Spector TD Spector Tim D TD Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing, Block D, 3rd Floor, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
Hayward C Hayward Caroline C MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Dupuis J Dupuis Josée J National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.
Loos RJF Loos Ruth J F RJF The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA.
Wright AF Wright Alan F AF MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
Chandak GR Chandak Giriraj R GR Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
Vollenweider P Vollenweider Peter P Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Route du Bugnon 44, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
Shuldiner A Shuldiner Alan A Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 685 W Baltimore MSTF, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Ridker PM Ridker Paul M PM Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Rotter JI Rotter Jerome I JI Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA.
Sattar N Sattar Naveed N BHF centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland.
Gyllensten U Gyllensten Ulf U Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, Uppsala, SE-751 08, Sweden.
North KE North Kari E KE Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, Chapel Hill, USA.
Pirastu M Pirastu Mario M Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Trav. La Crucca n. 3 - Reg. Baldinca, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
Psaty BM Psaty Bruce M BM Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA.
Weir DR Weir David R DR Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, 48104, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Laakso M Laakso Markku M Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
Gudnason V Gudnason Vilmundur V Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
Takahashi A Takahashi Atsushi A Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Chambers JC Chambers John C JC Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK.
Kooner JS Kooner Jaspal S JS Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK.
Strachan DP Strachan David P DP Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
Campbell H Campbell Harry H Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Hirschhorn JN Hirschhorn Joel N JN Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
Perola M Perola Markus M Unit of Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 104, Helsinki, FI-00251, Finland.
Polašek O Polašek Ozren O Centre for Global Health and Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Wilson JF Wilson James F JF MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME: 523
ISSUE: 7561
TITLE: Nature
ISOABBREVIATION: Nature
YEAR: 2015
MONTH: Jul
DAY: 23
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1476-4687
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: Nature
COUNTRY: England
ISSNLINKING: 0028-0836
NLMUNIQUEID: 0410462
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
REFTYPE REFSOURCE REFPMID NOTE
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GENERAL NOTE
KEYWORDS
MESH HEADINGS
DESCRIPTORNAME QUALIFIERNAME
Biological Evolution
Blood Pressure genetics
Body Height genetics
Cholesterol, LDL genetics
Cognition genetics
Cohort Studies genetics
Educational Status genetics
Female genetics
Forced Expiratory Volume genetics
Genome, Human genetics
Homozygote genetics
Humans genetics
Lung Volume Measurements genetics
Male genetics
Phenotype genetics
SUPPLEMENTARY MESH
GENE SYMBOLS
CHEMICALS
REGISTRYNUMBER NAMEOFSUBSTANCE
0 Cholesterol, LDL
OTHER ID's
OTHERID SOURCE
EMS63641 NLM
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