Genetic Epidemiology, Translational Neurogenomics, Psychiatric Genetics and Statistical Genetics Laboratories investigate the pattern of disease in families, particularly identical and non-identical twins, to assess the relative importance of genes and environment in a variety of important health problems.
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PMID
24552537
TITLE
Prevalence of pituitary hormone dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and impaired quality of life in retired professional football players: a prospective study.
ABSTRACT
Hypopituitarism is common after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we address the association between mild TBI (mTBI) and pituitary and metabolic function in retired football players. Retirees 30-65 years of age, with one or more years of National Football League (NFL) play and poor quality of life (QoL) based on Short Form 36 (SF-36) Mental Component Score (MCS) were prospectively enrolled. Pituitary hormonal and metabolic syndrome (MetS) testing was performed. Using a glucagon stimulation test, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was defined with a standard cut point of 3 ng/mL and with a more stringent body mass index (BMI)-adjusted cut point. Subjects with and without hormonal deficiency (HD) were compared in terms of QoL, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores, metabolic parameters, and football career data. Of 74 subjects, 6 were excluded because of significant non-football-related TBIs. Of the remaining 68 subjects (mean age, 47.3±10.2 years; median NFL years, 5; median NFL concussions, 3; mean BMI, 33.8±6.0), 28 (41.2%) were GHD using a peak GH cutoff of <3 ng/mL. However, with a BMI-adjusted definition of GHD, 13 of 68 (19.1%) were GHD. Using this BMI-adjusted definition, overall HD was found in 16 (23.5%) subjects: 10 (14.7%) with isolated GHD; 3 (4.4%) with isolated hypogonadism; and 3 (4.4%) with both GHD and hypogonadism. Subjects with HD had lower mean scores on the IIEF survey (p=0.016) and trended toward lower scores on the SF-36 MCS (p=0.113). MetS was present in 50% of subjects, including 5 of 6 (83%) with hypogonadism, and 29 of 62 (46.8%) without hypogonadism (p=0.087). Age, BMI, median years in NFL, games played, number of concussions, and acknowledged use of performance-enhancing steroids were similar between HD and non-HD groups. In summary, in this cohort of retired NFL players with poor QoL, 23.5% had HD, including 19% with GHD (using a BMI-adjusted definition), 9% with hypogonadism, and 50% had MetS. Although the cause of HD is unclear, these results suggest that GHD and hypogonadism may contribute to poor QoL, erectile dysfunction, and MetS in this population. Further study of pituitary function is warranted in athletes sustaining repetitive mTBI.
DATE PUBLISHED
2014 Jul 1
HISTORY
PUBSTATUS PUBSTATUSDATE
aheadofprint 2014/05/08
entrez 2014/02/21 06:00
pubmed 2014/02/21 06:00
medline 2015/02/24 06:00
AUTHORS
NAME COLLECTIVENAME LASTNAME FORENAME INITIALS AFFILIATION AFFILIATIONINFO
Kelly DF Kelly Daniel F DF 1 Brain Tumor Center & Pituitary Disorders Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center , Santa Monica, California.
Chaloner C Chaloner Charlene C
Evans D Evans Diana D
Mathews A Mathews Amy A
Cohan P Cohan Pejman P
Wang C Wang Christina C
Swerdloff R Swerdloff Ronald R
Sim MS Sim Myung-Shin MS
Lee J Lee Jihey J
Wright MJ Wright Mathew J MJ
Kernan C Kernan Claudia C
Barkhoudarian G Barkhoudarian Garni G
Yuen KC Yuen Kevin C J KC
Guskiewicz K Guskiewicz Kevin K
INVESTIGATORS
JOURNAL
VOLUME: 31
ISSUE: 13
TITLE: Journal of neurotrauma
ISOABBREVIATION: J. Neurotrauma
YEAR: 2014
MONTH: Jul
DAY: 1
MEDLINEDATE:
SEASON:
CITEDMEDIUM: Internet
ISSN: 1557-9042
ISSNTYPE: Electronic
MEDLINE JOURNAL
MEDLINETA: J Neurotrauma
COUNTRY: United States
ISSNLINKING: 0897-7151
NLMUNIQUEID: 8811626
PUBLICATION TYPE
PUBLICATIONTYPE TEXT
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS
REFTYPE REFSOURCE REFPMID NOTE
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GRANTS
GRANTID AGENCY COUNTRY
1UL1TR000124 NCATS NIH HHS United States
M01 RR00425 NCRR NIH HHS United States
T32 DK007571 NIDDK NIH HHS United States
GENERAL NOTE
KEYWORDS
KEYWORD
growth hormone deficiency
hypogonadism
metabolic syndrome
mild traumatic brain injury
professional football
MESH HEADINGS
DESCRIPTORNAME QUALIFIERNAME
Adult
Aged
Athletes psychology
Cohort Studies psychology
Erectile Dysfunction epidemiology
Football psychology
Health Surveys methods
Humans methods
Hypopituitarism psychology
Male psychology
Metabolic Syndrome X psychology
Middle Aged psychology
Prevalence psychology
Prospective Studies psychology
Quality of Life psychology
Retirement psychology
SUPPLEMENTARY MESH
GENE SYMBOLS
CHEMICALS
OTHER ID's
OTHERID SOURCE
PMC4082350 NLM
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Last Modified: Oct 15 2007